Research Methods Research Setting Research Participants

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the method of research and analysis. This chapter consists of five major parts, namely research methods, research setting, research participants, instrument and data gathering technique, and data analysis technique.

A. Research Methods

In this research, the researcher employs the qualitative inquiry as the method because the researcher seeks to interpret the pre- service teachers’ PSTs experiences during pre- service teaching program PPL based on PSTs’ stories. Qualitative inquiry seeks to understand and interpret human and social behavior as it is lived by participants in a particular social setting Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen, Razavieh, 2010. Therefore, this method is used by the researcher to interpret the stories from PSTs about PPL, that would be gathered through interview. The researcher also employs a qualitative survey research method in this research. In a survey research, the researcher can ask about peoples beliefs, opinions, characteristics, and behaviors Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen, Razavieh, 2010. Further, the survey research in qualitative also aims to determine diversity or meaningful variation within a certain population Jansen, 2010. In this case, the meaningful variation refers to the PSTs’ professional identity tensions and coping strategies. Meanwhile, the population refers to the PSTs in pre-service teaching program in schools PPL. Therefore, this method is considered suitable by researcher since the researcher also wants to determine the types of professional PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 26 identity tensions and coping strategies which are mentioned by PSTs in their stories about PPL.

B. Research Setting

The scope of this research focuses on studying the pre-service teachers of ELESP who took pre-service teaching program during the odd semester of 20162017 academic year, specifically during July - December 2016. The researcher conducted the research after the end of that pre-service teaching program. The researcher was gathering the data since the middle of January 2017.

C. Research Participants

The research participants refer to the population. According to Ary et al. 2010, population is a specific group of individuals who are related to the findings of the research. Considering that the finding of this research is related with EFL pre-service teacher, the researcher defines ELESP pre-service teachers, who were taking pre-service teaching program during July - December 2016, as the population of the study. Based on the data that the researcher gets from ELESP, there are about to 58 EFL pre-service teachers who took their PPL during the period of July – December 2016. Since the research methods are qualitative inquiry, which focuses on the depth and the extend of the sought information Ary et al, 2010, and qualitative survey, which focuses on establishing meaningful variation or diversity rather than number of people Jansen, 2010, the researcher decides to do sampling in order to select several participants from the total population. 27 The researcher decides to do a purposive sampling. This sampling is used in qualitative studies because it does not have general rules about the number of participants since the focus is on the depth and extend of the information Ary et al., 2010. Further, the purposive sampling can also be used to select sample which can represent the diversity under the studies phenomena Jansen, 2010. In this case, the diversity refers to types of tensions and types of strategies, while, the phenomena refer to professional identity tensions and coping strategies of ELESP PSTs. The researcher also defined several criteria for doing the purposive sampling . First, the participants are pre-service teachers of ELESP who have conducted their PPL during period of July - December 2016. Second, the participants are ELESP PSTs who have also done their PPL, directly after they did their teaching practices in Micro Teaching at the semester before taking PPL, in this case during the February - May 2016. Third, the participants are researcher’s colleagues from ELESP who are considered to be cooperative in sharing the experiences during PPL. Based on those three criteria, the researcher selects 9 participants from the population. The researcher takes small number from the population because number of participants is not the main concern in qualitative studies Ary et al., 2010. Besides, small sample is sufficient in qualitative survey since it is considered to be able to represent the diversity of the phenomena Jansen, 2010. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 28

D. Instrument and Data Gathering Technique