15 which the conflict begins. Separately, in An Introduction to Literature: Fiction,
Poetry and Drama 2008; Barnet, Burto and Cain mention that traditionally,
structure of plot is divided into Exposition, Conflict and Dénouement p. 101. Since it is the traditional plot structure, the structure is much simpler than the ones
which has been developed. However, the researcher would use the plot structure proposed by Kennedy and Gioia as the one proposed by Roberts and Jacobs would
need more elaboration on differentiating between complication and crisis, while the one proposed by Barnet, Burto, and Cain is too simple to classify the many
events leading to climax in the story just into conflict. Disher 2001 defines plot based on its functions in the story. Plot is used
by author as device to arrange events to make a point. Further, it is for characters to act, spring motives and react upon the plot. Simply put, plot is closely related
to charact ers’ development. Plot is also set to “engage the reader’s emotional
interest” until the story improves or even until the story ends p. 100.
C. Theoretical Framework
The theories provided above are used to solve the research problems. There are three research problems to be answered through this study. By applying the
theory of plot toward the story, it helps the researcher to identify the structure to correlate with irony. The researcher analyses the plot of the story based on the
structure of plot proposed by Kennedy and Gioia, which classifies the story into exposition, crisis, climax, and resolution. The plot structure was selected since the
conflicts found in the story would be too many just to classify them into conflicts PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
16 as suggested by Barnet, Burto, and Cain and the scenes would need more
elaboration to be differentiated into complications and conflicts as proposed by Roberts and Jacobs. Thus, the answer to the first research question is gained.
Using the theories of irony, the researcher analyses and identifies the use of irony in the novel. By fitting the characteristics and definitions of irony towards
the presumed irony throughout the story, then the answer to second research question is gained. The researcher uses the definitions of irony according to the
experts, among them are Booth, Colebrook, Hutcheon, Rockliffe, Arp and Johnson, and van Thompson and of what Pettineo adopts. On deciding the types
of irony, the researcher follows the ones ruled on traditional classifications of irony of which there are three types of irony: verbal irony, dramatic irony, and
situational irony. Identifying the use of irony proposes the next step of this study to be done.
Correlating the use of irony and the plot is needed to answer the third research question. In order to gain it, the theories of plot and irony becomes the foundation
for the researcher to argue and discuss the correlation between irony and the plot. The findings of the use of irony also presume that it influences the flow of the plot
as specific types of irony are found in certain points of the story. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
