Theory of Character and Characterization

B. Review of Related Theories

1. Theory of Character and Characterization

Abram said that “a character is the person presented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with moral, dispositional, and emotional qualities that are expressed in what they say-the dialogue-and by what they do-the action ” Abram, 1993: 23. This is the most suitable theori that can help the writer to extract some characters in the novel, in order to reveal the concept of marriage. The writer also use characterization theori from Barnet. The theori is about the way to understand and find out the characteristics of the characters. It help the writer to expose and bring out the proof of the concept of mariage of Heian Japanese Aristocracy from the novel. a. what the character says How the character says will help the readers interpret his or her characteristic. b. what the character does The readers or audience can learn the attitudes or behaviors of a character and they may guess how actually the author creates the characters. c. what the other characters says about the character A character interacts with other characters. They share their opinion and gives comments about the character. Such opinion and comments may reflect the characteristic of the character drawn. Barnet, 1988:712 Barnet‟s theory gives the point in what part of a novel we can seek the description about the character and its characterization. In a novel, reader will find the characters description through some point that often used by the author. In order to give the reader some detail about the story or the character in the novel, some authors prefer to use both societies around the character and the character itself to give a description about it. On the other hands, some authors choose to use the societies around the character to give an explanation about the characters in the story. Just like Barnet‟s theory on Character and characterization mentioned above, those are parts of the novel that can help the reader understand the characteristics of the characters.

2. Theory of Setting