The Impact Of Translation Techniques On The Quality Of Bilingual Book Information And Communication Technology Into Bahasa Indonesia

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Feb/1JaIi 2013, 41-5"

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T.-'lbWl ke-10, No 1

THE IMPACT OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES ON THE QUALITY OF BILINGUAL BOOK INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
INTO BAHASA INDONESIA

Ganda Simatupang STMIK MikroskilMedan
Rom-ita SiJaJahi FIB Universitas Sumatera Utara

Abstract

This study aims to (I) describe the translation techniques which is applied by the translator

in translating the text on bilingual book leT into bahasa Indonesia, (2) review the impact

oftranslation techniques towards the level oftranslation accuracy and clarity on bilingual

book leT, (3) reveal the recommended translation techniques. The type o/research which

is applied is qualitative research. The data sources are bilingual book leT, and some

talented informants. ｾｨｩ･ｬ＠Ｚｦｵｉｮ

ifthe research show that, there are 13 translation techniques

are identified, which is dominated by literal translation as many as 112 data (22.40%),

pure borrowing 101 data (20.20%), amplification 62 data (12.40%), natural borrowing 58

data (J 1.60%), calque 57 data (J 1.40%), modulation 36 data (7.20%), transposition 27

data (5.40%). rechlction 22 data (4.40%), establish equivalence 18 dcda (3.60%).

particularization 4 data (80%). adaptation 1 data (0.20%), description 1 data (0.20%), and

so is generalization only 1 data (0.20%). From 163 ofthe e.x:amined data. the result ofthis

analysis shows that, the impact oftranslation techniques application, produce the aspect of

accuracy which is dominated by accurate translation category as many as 121 (74.23%),

quite accurate translation category 36 data (22.09%j, less accurate translation category 5

data (3.07%) and 1 data (0.61%) as the obviously inaccurate translation category. From

the aspect of clarity translation data, it has been identified 132 data (80.98%) which is

dominated by a very clear translation category. andfollowed by 22 data (13.50%) as quite

clear translation category, 8 data (4.91%) as not clear translation category, and there is

also 1 data (0.61%) is found as not appropriate or incorrect translation categO/y. The

inaceurateness and obscurity translation categories are injluenced by the transfen'ing

message jrom the source language is not equivalent to the target language as well as the

applied C!f elusive languages. The translation techniques which are recommended to

prochlce good translation toward the accuracy and clarity ofbilingual book leT are literal

technique, pure borrowing. natural borrowing, calque, amplification, modulation,

transposition, reduction. established equivalence, particularization, adaptation and

description.

Key Words: Translation Techniques, Accuracy and Clarity. Bilingual Book lCT

INTRODUCTION Errors in choosing word meaning would be very fatal consequences in different level. The bombing even in Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 august 1945 was one of the impacts of error in translation that caused thousand of people disabled, injured and even death (www.kingtranz.com).
Errors in translating text book especially on bilingual books which have benefit not only have two language but also have consequences in education, social. economic, and culture (Baker 2000: 12). Errors in translating foreign language text book into bahasa Indonesia is partied not rather than improving the quality of education in information and communication technology but it would mislead learners.

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As a developing country, Indonesia need much information about the latest development in science and technology through translation product of computer's language, hardware, software have been done by government especiany linguistic department centre that cooperate with Microsoft corporation to transfer more than 250.000 English words or terms into bahasa Indonesia. These efforts enrich Indonesian language to operate and access computer and information technology easily by young generation. (http://w...-w.tempo.com). The entry of foreign terms is unavoidable fact. Communication is getting unceasing and global, moreover into Bahasa Indonesia after having been catalyzed by internet revolution, so it is not only the equivalent, but also the original technological terms is fIrstly shoved aside before ever popular in society (Haryanto, 2002:4). Not so with the wordslterms newly enter to society had transferred directly into Bahasa Indonesia and introduced to society of the Indonesian language user. These words/tenns are accepted directly by people (Sugono, 2005:2).
Based on the background above and the importance of computer as a branch of science as infonnation and communication technology that poured into bilingual book, as a vehicle to carry out the implementation of international communication globally, As a facilitation to advance interracial communication, especially the user oftechnology facilities in Indonesia, so the researcher is interested in making a research about the impact of translation techniques on the quality of translation of bilingual book "information and communication technology" into bahasa Indonesia.
LITERATURE REVIEW In this Research will be emphasized some theory that related to this Research. The theoretical approaches are: translation technique theory and translation quality assessment, the meaning of bilingual and its benefit and related them on bilingual book information and communication technology, understanding about translating and translation and the translation theory and translation competence.

Techniques in Translation This research adopts 18 translation techniques which is recommended by Molina & Albir, (2002:509). The translation techniques are adaptation, amplification, borrowing, calque, compensation, description, creation discursive, established equivalent, generalization, linguistic amplification, linguistic compression, literal, modulation, particularization, reduction, substitution, transposition, and variation.
Translation QUality Assessment This research the researcher use translation assessment quality mode that related to translation quality assessment with accuracy and clarity aspects based on Larson and syihabuddin.
Bilingual Book and the Benefit Penabur (2007:3) said that in two language it would be able to get wider cultural experience and much possible to produce bigger tolerance between different culture and would decrease the sense of racialist. Monolingual is also able to know different culture, but to know different culture, need language of the culture. Having bilingual ability it can give biger chance to know culture actively, because by knowing language ofthe culture.
Translator and Translation Competence There is a close relation between translation competence that owned by someone, that he can translate a source text to target language. For that reason it can be said that competence that owned by translator and the translation technique application has impact toward translation quality.
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RESEARCH METHOD In this research, the researcher use qualitative research method that research procedure that produces descriptive data of written words or spoken from people and observable behavior (Bogdan dan Taylor, 1975:5). Data source is bilingual book "Information and communication technology (lCT) I For Senior High School Year X, and some infonnants who field in translation and computer. The data is lingual unit (word, phrase, clause and sentence)

ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS Here is the systematic discussion in question include: translation techniques are applied in translating text and its range, then followed by discussion on the impact of translation techniques on the level of accuracy and cJarity of the translation and interpretation techniques are suggested toward the translation accuracy and clarity.

The Application of Translation Techniques From 163 source data were analyzed, be identified as many as 10 data is translated by applying single technique, couplet technique 47 data, triplet technique 51 data, quartet technique 32 data, quintet technique 21, and sextet technique 2 data.

Single Translation Technique Single translation technique is the application of single translation techniques which used in translating the data in lingual unit. In this research has been identified three variants of single translation technique, they are literal translation, calque, and pure borrowing.

Literal technique Literal translation is the translation techniques of word or phrase into word for word. Structurally adjustment of target language is an important part of this technique in accordance with linguistic of target language. There are 3 data were analyzed using this technique as which is translated literally from English to Indonesian. Look at the following example:

Data source language 071 Graphic suite

Target Language Pengolah gambar

Calque technique A calque translation technique is the technique by transferring word or phrase literally from source language to target language both lexical and structural. There are 2 data were analyzed using calque technique which is translated from English into Indonesian. Look at the following example:

Data Source language 040 Reset Button Functions

Target language Kegunaan Tombol Reset

Pure borrowing is a translation technique where the translator translating the word or phrase by borrowing them from source language. The borrowing could be pure borrowing. There are 5 data were analyzed by applying pure borrowing technique which is translated from English to Indonesian. Look at the following example:

Data 062 076

Source language Web Browser Web Browser

Target language Web Browser Web Browser

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Couplet Translation Technique

The applications of the two techniques identified 12 variants translation couplet techniques are

applied. Here's an example of the data that were analyzed using a variant couplet technique with

variants literal and amplification techniques.

Data Source language

Target langnage

028 Close al1 active application Tutup semua program aplikasi

programs.

yang masih aktif

Triplet Translation Technique

The application ofthree translation techniques in this research has been identified 29 variants of

triplet techniques which are applied. Here's an example of the data, were analyzed by llsing

variation oftriplet techniques which is a blend of literal techniques, amplification and calque.

Data 002

Source language

Target language

Before using the compnter Sebelum memanfaatkan berbagai

facilities, you have to understand fasilitas yang terdapat daIam

the computer basic operation komputer, Anda hams memahami

operasi dasar komputer

Quartet Translatiou Technique There are 27 variants quartet techniques have been identified in this research as the application of the four translation techniques. Here's an example of data that is analyzed on applying quartet variant. The combinations of quartet techniques are IlteraI, adaptation, pure borrowing and natural borrowing.

Data 135

Source language Nowadays, he empowers us to develop software without understanding even a single code.

Target language Sekarang lll1, belian memberi kekuatan kepada kita untuk mengembangkan software tanpa perIu tabu satu baris kode pun

Quintet Translation Technique
There are 21 quintet variants translation techniques are applied in this research as the application of the five techniques. Here's an example of data was analyzed using a quintet variant they are amplification, modulation, natural borrowing, particularization and pure borrowing.

Data ]58

Source language

Target language

To turn on a computer: Connect Cara mengaktifkan komputer

the power cord to the network, adalah dengan menghubungkan

then press power button on the kabeJ power kom puter dengan

casing and on the monitor.

jaringan Jistrik, kemudian menekan

tomboI on atau power pada casing

dan monitor

Sextet Translation Technique

There are 2 variant has been identified as the application of six translation techniques. Here's an

example of data was analyzed using sextet variant, they are transposition, amplification, natural

borrowing, modulation, pure borrowing and reduction.

Data Source language

Target language

104 Just press AIt+F4 to exit the Untuk keluar dari aplikasi ini bisa

application or click the cross dengan menekan AIt+F4 atau

button on the upper right corner mengklik tanda silang di pojok

of the calculator box.

kanan at35.

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The Frequency ofTranslation Techniques The explanation of the frequency of translation techniques which were applied to each variant can be seen on this following table:

NO Technigue
1 Literal 2 Pure borrowing 3 - Amplification 4 Natural borrowing 5 Calque 6 Modulation 7 Transposition 8 Reduction 9 Established equivalent 10 Particularization 11 Adaptation 12 Description 13 Generalization
Total Technigues
Total Data

n HI IV V VI Total

%

'J"' 33 40 13"')"'o"J'

112 22,40%

5 18 31 25 20 2 101 20,20%

13 ]6 17 14 2 62 12,40%

6 21 17 13 1 58 11,60%

2 8 20 13 13 1 57 11,40%

7 5 11 11 2 36 7,20%

6 12

4 2＠ｾ .J

27

5,40%

1 4 5 IO 2 22 4,40%

2 4 84

18 3,60%

2 '} "--

4 0,80%

1 1 0,20%

1 ] 0,20%

I ] 0,20%

10 94 153 127 104 ]2 500 100,00010

10 47 5] 32 21 2 163

Based on the table above, from 163 data has identified 13 translation techniques were applied to overcome the translation phenomena. However, the translator not only appJied one translation technique in each data. The application of single technique consists of 3 variants of 10 data, couplets 12 variants of 47 data, triplet 29 variants of 51 data, quartet 27 variants of32 data, quintet 21 variants of21 data and sextet 2 variants of2 data.

The Trend Level of TransJation Techniques

The explanation about the trend level of translation techniques can be seen on this following

table:

The Trend Level of Translation Techni ues

Target Language

Techni ue

uency Techni ue

Literal

112 Amplification

Pure borrowing

101 Modulation

36

Natural borrowing

58 Transposition

27

Calque

57 Reduction

22

Established equivalent

18

Particularization

4

Adaptation

1

Description

1

Generalization

1

Number

328

Number

172

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Total Percentage

500 65,60%

Total Percentage

500 34,40%

Based on the analysis and explanation above, .it can be said that the translation techniques are applied on translating bilingual book "Information and Communication Technology" is more dominated by source language than target language. The general explanation can be seen in this following diagram: The Impact of Translation Techniques on the Level of TnmsJation Accuracy and Clarity

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