TRANSLATION PROCEDURES OF PHRASAL VERBS IN BREAKING DAWN NOVEL.

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TRANSLATION PROCEDURES OF PHRASAL VERBS IN

BREAKING DAWN NOVEL

A Thesis

Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Magister Humaniora

By:

MUHAMMAD MUSLIM NASUTION Registration Number: 8146111038

ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM

POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

MEDAN

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i ABSTRAK

Muhammad Muslim Nasution. Prosedure Terjemahan dari Ungkapan Phrasal Verbs dalam Novel Breaking Dawn. Program Studi Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Sekolah Pascasarjana. Universitas Negeri Medan.2016.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk menggambarkan phrasal verbs yang muncul dalam menerjemah novel Breaking Dawn novel (2) untuk menggambarkan prosedur yang digunakan dalam menerjemah novel Breaking Dawn (3) untuk menemukan phrasal verbs dan prosedur yang dominan yang digunakan didalam menerjemahkan Breaking Dawn novel. Data adalah phrasal verbs yang diperoleh dari klausa novel Breaking Dawn. Menelitian ini menerapkan penelitian desain penelitian kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalu teknik dokumentari. Temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) semua phrasal verbs ditemukan dalam novel Breaking Dawn, yaitu type 1, type 2, type 3 dan type , 2) ada enam prosedur yang digunakan dalam menerjemahkan phrasal verbs, yaitu Calque ( 8 data), Literal translation (35 data), transposition (107 data), modulation (82 data), equivalence (11 data), and Adaptation (3 data), 3) phrasal verbs yang dominan muncul dalam novel Breaking Dawn adalah type 3 dan prosedur yang dominan yang digunakan dalam menerjemahkan Breaking Dawn adalah prosedur transposition.

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ii ABSTRACT

MUHAMMAD MUSLIM NASUTION . Translation Procedures of Phrasal Verbs in Breaking Dawn Novel. English Applied Linguistics Study Program , Postgraduate School, State University of Medan. 2016.

The objective of this study were (1) To describe types of phrasal verbs occurring in translating Breaking Dawn Novel (2) To describe procedures are used in translating Breaking Dawn Novel (3) To find out the most dominant phrasal verbs and procedures used in translating Breaking Dawn Novel. The data were phrasal verbs obtained from clause of Breaking Dawn novel. This research applied qualitative research design. The data were collected through documentary technique. The findings of this study showed that: 1) All of phrasal verbs were found in Breaking Dawn novel, they are type 1, type 2, type 3 and type 4, 2) there were six procedures used in translating phrasal verbs, they are Calque ( 8 data), Literal translation (35 data), transposition (107 data), modulation (82 data), equivalence (11 data), and Adaptation (3 data), 3) the dominant phrasal verbs occurred in Breaking Dawn novel was type 3 and the dominant procedures used in translating Breaking Dawn novel was transposition procedure.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillah, in the name of Almighty ALLAH, the most Gracious and the most Merciful, first of all, the writer would like to thank God for His Blessing in the completion of this thesis. Praises are also addressed to our prophet Muhammad SAW who has guided us to the better life of today.

In the completion of this thesis, the writer wishes to acknowledge his deepest gratitude for all generous guidance and assistance which has been given to his by a lot of people.

The highest appreciation goes to his two advisors, Dr. Zainuddin, M.Hum as his first advisor and Dr. Anni Holilla Pulungan, M.Hum. as his second advisor for their all guidance through the completion of this thesis.

Then, his appreciation also goes to. Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed. as the Head of English Applied Linguistics Study Program and Prof. Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S. as the Secretary of English Applied Linguistics Study Program who have assisted his in processing the administration requirements during the process of hih studies in the Postgraduate School of the State University of Medan.

The writer’s great thanks also goes to his reviewers and examiners, Prof. Amrin Saragih M.A.,Ph.D., Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd and Prof. Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S. They had given valuable inputs, suggestions, criticisms, and improvements for this thesis. He also would like to express his thankfulness for all lecturers taught him during the academic years of LTBI.

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Finally, his special gratitude is dedicated to his beloved sister and brother in law, Khairani Nasution S.Pd.I and Irianto who give his pray, motivation, support, and also endless praying. And also special thank for Dr. Hj. Tien Rafida M.Hum and H. Rusdi Ananda M.Pd, sister, brother, and the whole families who always support him and no suitable word that can fully describe their everlasting love and express how much he loves them.

Then, last but not least, his gratitude goes to his friends of LTBI A2 who have supported him to conduct this thesis, especially for Julisah Izar, Kiky Wardhani, Rizky Vita Losi, Yoni Rahayu, Dian Heriani and Budi Rizka, for their friendship and cooperation.

Medan, Mei 2016 The writer,

Muhammad Muslim Nasution Reg. No. 8146111038

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LIST OF TABLES

Pages Table 3.1 Types of Phrasal Verbs by Acklam ... 39 Table 3.2 Translation Procedure of Phrasal Verbs by Venuti ... 39

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LIST OF FIGURE

Pages Figure 2.1 Conceptual Framework ... 35

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LIST OF APPENDIXES

Pages Appendix I ... 62 Appendix II ... 79

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1The Background of the Study

Translation is likened to a bridge across language and culture barriers. Translation activities are to transfer source language (SL) into the target language (TL) to get the meaning in one language. Three notions are source language – message – target language. Therefore, the translator should master the linguistics and non-linguistics knowledge of both source language and target language. Translator should not only master in linguistics, such as word, phrase, clause, sentence, grammatical, syntactic and semantic that relation of source language and target language but also non – linguistic knowledge such as a translator‟s comprehension of the text, whether s/he knows and reads it previously. So translation became a phenomenon that has a huge effect on everyday life. In Indonesia, many books that are written in English are sold. They are not only reference books but also novel. Harpercollins (2012: 29) says that novel is a story with the prose form in long shape, this long shape means the story including the complex plot, many characters and various setting. Novel is a form of literature that has a theme, setting, point of view, plot, character, and style in which there are cultural values, morals, and education. A novel is a long essay pose, which contains a series of stories of one‟s life with those around him by accentuating the character and nature of the offender. Literary works can not be separated by the process of translating, because the novel is outside the country and sold in Indonesia will be translated into Indonesian. For suitability meaning of the source

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2 language (SL) and the target language (TL) sometimes forces the language so that the meaning is acceptable.

Translation is a target text written as a result of the translator‟s comprehension of source text. However, Venuti (2000:126) states that since no two languages are identical, either in the meanings given to corresponding symbols or in the ways in which such symbols are arranged in phrases and sentences, it stands to reason that there can be no absolute correspondence between languages. Besides, Barnwell (1984) also states that a good translation should be accurate, clear and natural so it does not sound foreign. In translating the novel is not easy task. Translation as a result should look nice and coherent for reading. Therefore, to get a good translation, translator should master in both source and target language. There are competencies should be possessed by translator, they are language competence, textual competence, subject competence, cultural competence, and transfer competence.

So, translation is the core of activities pertaining to the relationship between two or more languages which then transfers the meaning of the source language (SL) to the target language (TL) with accuracy the message, the messages, ideas, concepts of source language (SL) correctly and get closest meaning so as to obtain a good translation.

Larson (1984:3) states that translation is studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation, and cultural context of the source language text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, and then reconstructing this same meaning using lexicon and grammatical structure which are appropriate in

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3 the receptor language and its cultural context. Base on this statement it can be clear that meaning of a source language text must be substituted by the closest natural equivalent in the target language.

In Study by Ebrahim Davoudi Sharifabad, Mojdeyaqubi and Tengku Sepora Tengku mahadi about “The Application of Domestication and Foreignization Translation Strategies in English – Persian Translation of News Phrasal Verbs”, The authors of this study have applied these strategies of translation to English-Persian phrasal verbs in news texts to investigate whether English-Persian translators tend to domesticate the news headlines or foreignize them. The news containing phrasal verbs was analyzed based on the ones from different news agencies and websites. First, some news containing phrasal verbs is analyzed, then the English translations were compared and contrasted. As the results of the study showed, English to Persian translators tend to apply the domestication strategy more frequently. It was concluded that since culture-specific terms and words are difficult to be understood in the target language, the translators mostly tend to localize or domesticate them. But unfortunately this study did not describe the process of translation and describe type of phrasal verbs itself.

Therefore, Breaking Dawn Novel is a great novel written by Stephenie Meyer In 2005 that has four series and the box office film directed by Bill Condon that makes this novel translated more that 20 languages and 50 million copies in the world including Indonesia language with translator Monica Dwi Chresnayani. In this research, the researcher chooses Breaking Dawn as the research material‟

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4 Cullen- Hands (2000) states that a phrasal verb is a short two-word (or sometimes three word) phrase made up of a verb, such as get, give, make and see, and an adverb (an adverbial particle) or a preposition, such as in, off, out and up. Because a phrasal verb is a form of idiom it has a meaning which „is different from the sum of its parts.

Phrasal verbs possess a number of semantic, syntactic, structural, stylistic, and pragmatic characteristics that may make their translation a difficult task. Although there are many dictionaries which the translator can consult when translating English phrasal verbs, the profound comprehension of the phrasal verbs and the way they are translated remains undetected.

Based on the definition above, it is clear that in translating a text means that to transfer source language to target language. Translation is to constitute of material text changing from source language to the target language. Likewise, it is also contained in Breaking Dawn novel. It is not only phrasal verbs in meaning but also phrasal verbs in the level of grammar. Because it more talks about the Novel that mostly the word terms come from western country, so that it is used frequently maintained, for instance taken from original and the translation novel. They are:

1. A. SL: I smiled at the enthusiasm in his voice. (p.11)

TL: aku tersenyum mendengar nada antusias dalam suaranya. (p.16) B. SL: He smiled at me and then squared his shoulders. (p.14)

TL: Edward tersenyum pada ku dan menegakkan bahu.(p. 18)

Given the semantic and syntactic complexity of phrasal verbs and the difficulties they cause in the process of translation, Indonesian translators have

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5 faced problems in rendering phrasal verbs in Breaking Dawn novel into Indonesian.

In the preliminary data above that the both of sentences point 1.a use phrasal verb “smile at” which translated “tersenyum mendengar” joined by object. In point 1.a which use one verb refers to phrasal verb which translated into Indonesia that has two verb “tersenyum and mendengar” and the other case that is point 1.b use phrasal verb “smile at” which translated only one verb “tersenyum” and also joined by object. From explanation and data sample above, the dissimilarity in the form and structure of the two languages (different grammatical structures in the SL and TL) may cause remarkable changes in the way information is carried across. Indonesian compound verbs (point 1.a tersenyum and mendengar) , which bear the same sense as that of English phrasal verbs (smile at) and are their translation meaning making it difficult for the translator to find an meaning in Indonesian while preserving dynamic meaning. It is difficult to preserve the formal correspondence between the two texts. It is obvious that in this situation the discrepancies between the two languages lead to a great loss in the process of translation.

Translation is not a simple thing that we are thinking about but translation is a complex way and needed wide knowledge and accurate source to transfer that translation product can be understood and accepted. A phrasal verbs which is a combination of a verb and proposition or adverb, creates a meaning different from its constituent verb. It should not be translated by considering its constituent verb alone. So the particle here is a preposition or adverb which creates a meaning different from the original that combines them in new sense. It causes problem to

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6 find same word in other language. The translator use the phrasal verb to enrich the language and to absorb new concept needed to express linguistically and also to maintain the meaning in SL and acceptable in TL.

It useful to look at the procedures they have used while translating so that will be able to determine the most adequate procedures used for translating phrasal verb into Indonesian and to measure the extent to which the translator have been successful in translating of phrasal verb. A procedure is that can handle phrasal verbs which can increase the accuracy of English into Indonesia Translation.

Based on explanation above, the researcher interest to explore deeply how phrasal verbs which enrich meaning translated from SL into TL in Breaking Dawn novel to find the closest meaning.

1.2 The Problems of the Study

Based on the description of the background of the study state above, the problems of the study are formulated as in the following.

1. What types of phrasal verbs do occur in translating Breaking Dawn Novel?

2. What procedures are used in translating Breaking Dawn Novel?

3. What the most dominant phrasal verbs and its procedures are used in translating Breaking Dawn Novel?

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1.3The Objectives of the Study

The objectives of this study are to answer the three research questions, as formulated above. To be more specific, the objectives of the study are.

1. To describe types of phrasal verbs occur in translating Breaking Dawn Novel

2. To describe procedures are used in translating Breaking Dawn Novel 3. To find out the most dominant phrasal verbs and procedures are used

in translating Breaking Dawn Novel.

1.4 The Scope and Limitation of the Study

Research limitation is needed to give a focus to this research. This study was focused on the translation of phrasal verbs in Breaking Dawn Novel into Bahasa Indonesia by Monica Dwi Chresnayani of the SL into the TL after they are translated.

1.5The Significances of the Study

Finding of the study are expected taken significant theoretical and practical. Theoretically, the findings of the present study are expected to be useful for those who are interested in translation work especially for the translation of phrasal verb.

Practically, it is also hoped that it will be useful for translator who is concerned with translating and the researcher hopes that this research will provide additional references for those who want to conduct studies in this field.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions

From the overall anlysis of the phrasal verbs type and translation procedures in Breaking Dawn, it was concluded that:

1. There were four types of phrasal verb used in Breaking Dawn novel into that translated Indonesia namely type 1, type 2, type 3, type 4.

2. From seven techniques based on theory of Venuti, used in the translation of Breaking Dawn novel namely: calque (8 data), literal translation (35 data), transposition (107 data), modulation (82 data), equivalence (11 data) and adaptation (3 data).

3. The dominant of phrasal verbs used in Breaking Dawn novel was type 3. Type 3 is verb + preposition + object. The preposition cannot be separated from the verb and in the sentence should be accompanied by object. Whereas, the dominant procedure were used in Breaking Dawn novel was transposition procedure. It was used because there were many phrasal verbs when it was translated where involves replacing one word class with another without changing the meaning of the message and also applied within a single language.

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5.2 Suggestions

From the data analysis and conlusion above, the researcher purpose some sugestions as follows:

1. To teacher

Teacher need to inform students that phrasal verbs is very important and based on the meaning, phrasal verbs should be recognized as the important element because the meaning of phrasal verbs itself is predictable.

2. To language learner

This study can be used by the learners or university students to improve their ability to translate phrasal verbs in sentence.

3. To other researcher

To explore a more detailed analysis of translating phrasal verbs in sentences in complex clause. This will be able to help the strengthen the significance of this kind of translation which is to provide a critical tool for the analysis of translating phrasal verbs.

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REFERENCES

Acklam, Richard. 1992. Help with Phrasal Verbs. Oxford: The Bath Press.

Barnwell, K. G. L. 1984. Introduction to Semantics and Translation – English. Summer Institute of linguistics

Bassnett, Susan. 2002. Translation Studies. London: Routledge Taylor and Francis.

Bassnett-McGuire, S. 1980. Translation Studies. London: Methuen.

Bogdan, Robert C and Biklen, Sari Knopp. 1882. Qualitative Research For Education: An Introduction. Allyn and Bacon.

Bogdan, Robert and Taylor, Steven J. 1975. Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods: A Phenomenological Approach to the Social Science. New York: A Wiley – International Publication.

Catford. J. C. 1965. A Linguistics Theory of Translation. England: Oxford Press. Cullen, K & Hands, P. 2000. A Guide to Phrasal Verbs. USA: Chambers Harrap

Publishers.

Donald, A. 2009. Introduction to research in Education, New York: holt, Rinehart and Winston

Ghazala, H. 1995. Translation as Problems and Solutions. Lybia: ELGA.

Gouadec, Darriel. 2007. Translation as a Profession. Amsterdam: John Benjamin Publishing Companny.

Harpercollins. 2012. Collins English Dictionary Complete. William Collins Sons & Co Random House.

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59 Landers, C. E. 2001. Literary Translation: A Practical Guide. Clevedon:

Multilingual Matters.

Larson, M. L. 1984. Meaning Based Translation a Guide to Cross Language Equivalence. London: University Press of America.

Lefevere, A. 1985. Translating Literature, Practice, and Theory in a Comperative Literature Context. New York: Modern Langueage Association of America.

McCarthy, Michael & O’dell, Felicity. 2004. English Phrasal Verbs in Use. Cambridge University Press.

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M. & Saldaña, Johnny (2014). Qualitative data analysis: a methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). Arizona State University, CA: Sage.

Moleong, J.L. 2006. Methodology Penelitian Kualitatif; Edisi Revisi. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.

Munday, Jeremy. 2008. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Aplication. London: Routledge Taylor and Francis.

Newmark, Peter. 1981. Approaches to Translation. London: Oxford Press. Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Text Book of Translation. London: Printice Hall. Nida, A.E. and Taber, R.C 1964. Helps for Translators. Leiden: E.J.Brill.

Nida, E. A. &Taber C. 1982. Theory and Practice of Translation Leiden: The United Bible Societies.

Oittinen, R. 2003. Tekstilaji Ja Strategia:Ajatuksia Kaunokirjalisesta

Kaantamisesta. In R . Oittinen Aand P. Makinen (eds), Alussa oli Kaanos.Tampere: Tampere University Press.

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60 Sarwono, J. 2006. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif. Yogyakarta:

Graha Ina.

Subroto, E. 2007. Pengantar Metode Penelitian Linguistik Struktural. Surakarta: Universitas Sebelas Maret.

Sugiono. 1999. Metode Penelitian Bisnis. Bandung: CV. Alfabeta.

Vehmas-Lehto, I. 2002. Kopiointia vai kommunikointia: Johdatus

Kaannosteoriaan, Helsinki:Finn Lectura.

Venuti, Laurence. 2000. The Translation Studies Reader. London: Routledge Taylor and Francis..

Warrier, John. E. 1982. English Grammar and Composition – Third Course. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publisher.

Wills, W. 1982. The Science of Translation: Problemsand Methods. Tubingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.

Workman, Graham. 1996. Phrasal Verbs and Idioms. Oxford University Press Zainurrahman. 2009. The Theories of Translation: From History to Procedures.

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1.3The Objectives of the Study

The objectives of this study are to answer the three research questions, as formulated above. To be more specific, the objectives of the study are.

1. To describe types of phrasal verbs occur in translating Breaking Dawn Novel

2. To describe procedures are used in translating Breaking Dawn Novel 3. To find out the most dominant phrasal verbs and procedures are used

in translating Breaking Dawn Novel.

1.4 The Scope and Limitation of the Study

1.5The Significances of the Study

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions

From the overall anlysis of the phrasal verbs type and translation procedures in Breaking Dawn, it was concluded that:

1. There were four types of phrasal verb used in Breaking Dawn novel into that translated Indonesia namely type 1, type 2, type 3, type 4.

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5.2 Suggestions

From the data analysis and conlusion above, the researcher purpose some sugestions as follows:

1. To teacher

2. To language learner

This study can be used by the learners or university students to improve their ability to translate phrasal verbs in sentence.

3. To other researcher

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REFERENCES

Acklam, Richard. 1992. Help with Phrasal Verbs. Oxford: The Bath Press.

Barnwell, K. G. L. 1984. Introduction to Semantics and Translation – English. Summer Institute of linguistics

Bassnett, Susan. 2002. Translation Studies. London: Routledge Taylor and Francis.

Bassnett-McGuire, S. 1980. Translation Studies. London: Methuen.

Bogdan, Robert C and Biklen, Sari Knopp. 1882. Qualitative Research For Education: An Introduction. Allyn and Bacon.

Bogdan, Robert and Taylor, Steven J. 1975. Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods: A Phenomenological Approach to the Social Science. New York: A Wiley – International Publication.

Catford. J. C. 1965. A Linguistics Theory of Translation. England: Oxford Press. Cullen, K & Hands, P. 2000. A Guide to Phrasal Verbs. USA: Chambers Harrap

Publishers.

Donald, A. 2009. Introduction to research in Education, New York: holt, Rinehart and Winston

Ghazala, H. 1995. Translation as Problems and Solutions. Lybia: ELGA.

Gouadec, Darriel. 2007. Translation as a Profession. Amsterdam: John Benjamin Publishing Companny.

Harpercollins. 2012. Collins English Dictionary Complete. William Collins Sons & Co Random House.

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Landers, C. E. 2001. Literary Translation: A Practical Guide. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Larson, M. L. 1984. Meaning Based Translation a Guide to Cross Language Equivalence. London: University Press of America.

Lefevere, A. 1985. Translating Literature, Practice, and Theory in a Comperative

Literature Context. New York: Modern Langueage Association of

America.

McCarthy, Michael & O’dell, Felicity. 2004. English Phrasal Verbs in Use. Cambridge University Press.

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M. & Saldaña, Johnny (2014). Qualitative data analysis: a methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). Arizona State University, CA: Sage.

Moleong, J.L. 2006. Methodology Penelitian Kualitatif; Edisi Revisi. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.

Munday, Jeremy. 2008. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Aplication. London: Routledge Taylor and Francis.

Newmark, Peter. 1981. Approaches to Translation. London: Oxford Press. Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Text Book of Translation. London: Printice Hall. Nida, A.E. and Taber, R.C 1964. Helps for Translators. Leiden: E.J.Brill.

Nida, E. A. &Taber C. 1982. Theory and Practice of Translation Leiden: The United Bible Societies.

Oittinen, R. 2003. Tekstilaji Ja Strategia:Ajatuksia Kaunokirjalisesta Kaantamisesta. In R . Oittinen Aand P. Makinen (eds), Alussa oli Kaanos.Tampere: Tampere University Press.

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Sarwono, J. 2006. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif. Yogyakarta: Graha Ina.

Subroto, E. 2007. Pengantar Metode Penelitian Linguistik Struktural. Surakarta: Universitas Sebelas Maret.

Sugiono. 1999. Metode Penelitian Bisnis. Bandung: CV. Alfabeta.

Vehmas-Lehto, I. 2002. Kopiointia vai kommunikointia: Johdatus Kaannosteoriaan, Helsinki:Finn Lectura.

Venuti, Laurence. 2000. The Translation Studies Reader. London: Routledge Taylor and Francis..

Warrier, John. E. 1982. English Grammar and Composition – Third Course. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publisher.

Wills, W. 1982. The Science of Translation: Problemsand Methods. Tubingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.

Workman, Graham. 1996. Phrasal Verbs and Idioms. Oxford University Press Zainurrahman. 2009. The Theories of Translation: From History to Procedures.

TRANSLATION PROCEDURES OF PHRASAL VERBS IN BREAKING DAWN NOVEL.