Type of the Research

B. Type of the Research

This research was a qualitative research used to discover the English teaching and learning process to students with visual impairment viewed from teaching and learning documents, teaching and learning activities, supporting component of English teaching a nd learning implementation, and students‟ achievement. According to Mack (2005:1) Qualitative research is a type of scientific research. In general terms, scientific research consists of an investigation that: seeks answers to a question, systematically uses a predefined set of procedures to answer the question, collects evidence, produces findings that were not determined in advance, and produces findings that are applicable beyond the immediate boundaries of the study.

Qualitative research methods have developed to serve the view that Qualitative research methods have developed to serve the view that

Merriam (1999: 35) characterizes qualitative research as understanding the meaning people have constructed in which the researcher is the primary instrument for data collection and analysis. It usually involves fieldwork as primarily employing an inductive research strategy focusing on process, meaning and understanding resulting in a richly descriptive product. Moreover, she identifies several different types of qualitative research methods. They are as follow: case study, ethnography, phenomenology, historical, action research, content analysis, grounded theory, generic qualitative method.

Case study is a recount qualitative research, since it does not test the hypothesis, but it observes the situation to find understanding phenomenon (Larsen, 1992: 11). Case study research represents a much broader view. It means conducting an empirical investigation of a contemporary phenomenon within its natural context using multiple sources evidence (Yin, 2003). Moreover, topics often examined in case studies include individuals, events, or groups. Through case studies, researchers hope to gain in-depth understanding of situations and meaning for those involved (Hancock and Algozzine, 2006: 9).

disciplinary perspective of the investigation. Ethnographic designs are used to study targeted interactions of a group; historical designs focus on events or programs as they change over time; psychological designs are used to study human behavior in detail; and sociological designs are used for case study research that addresses broad issue in society, social institutions, and social relationships. Intrinsic designs focus on a particular individual, event, situation, program, or activity. An instrumental design is used to better understand a theory or problem. A collective design is used to understand a theory or problem by combining information from smaller cases. When the design is identified, the next step is gathering information using interviews, observations, and documents (Hancock and Algozzine, 2006: 33).

In addition, data are collected emphasizing time in the field, multiple sources of information, and collaboration. Extensive information is gathered using multiple forms of data collection (observations, interviews, documents), including audiovisual materials and other relevant sources. Then, Creswell (1998: 112) explains that one can select sites or individuals to study by finding a case or cases,

a typical case, or a maximum variation or extreme variation. After that the information is recorded by field notes, interview, and observational protocols.

The following stage, Creswell (2002) states that the data are analyzed and interpreted relative to the design. Data are reviewed to develop an overall understanding. Case (s) is (are) described in detail and a context for the description is delimited. Key issues or themes about case (s) are developed. A The following stage, Creswell (2002) states that the data are analyzed and interpreted relative to the design. Data are reviewed to develop an overall understanding. Case (s) is (are) described in detail and a context for the description is delimited. Key issues or themes about case (s) are developed. A