Proceedings of MatricesFor IITTEP – ICoMaNSEd 2015
ISBN: 978-602-74204-0-3
Physics Page 260
Figure 2. Flowchart of Data Processing
Satellite radiance conversion became effective temperature using equation 5, followed by the emissivity correction to calculate the surface temperature using equation 6.
1 ln
1 2
L K
K T
5
T = temperature effective satellite K1, K2 = constant calibration
L = spectral radiancethe sensor w m
2
.sr.μm.
Emissivity correction to calculate the surface temperature using equation 6.
ln 1
T T
T
s
6
T
s
= temperature of the surface = wavelength of the emission radiation
= 1.438 x 10
-2
mK Planck constant h = 6.3 x 10
-34
J.detik σ = Stefan Boltzmann constant 1.38 x 10
-23
J K c = speed of light 3 x 10
8
m sec ε = emissivity 0.95
3. Result and Discussion
The results showed that high temperatures are in the northern part of the crater Mahawu recording is done in 2010, 2011, and 2014. In 2010 the surface temperature of the area around
the summit of the mountain ranges Mahawu 23.2°C and distribution centered in the northern part of the crater. In 2011 the highest temperature was in the range of 25.8°C with a spread
Proceedings of MatricesFor IITTEP – ICoMaNSEd 2015
ISBN: 978-602-74204-0-3
Physics Page 261
pattern that is different from the previous year that is more directed to the North - Northeast N-NE. In 2014 the highest temperature in the range of 25.2°C.,the spreading leads to NE.
Based on the results of the recording and mapping in three different years, shows that the temperature around the Mahawu volcano peak relative increase, but a decrease in 2014 but the
decreasing relatively small. The spreading heat pattern from year to year tends to lead to the NE Figure 3.
Figure 3. Temperature Distribution of Mahawu Volcano in Three Different Years
4. Conclusion
The result of mapping and analysis shows that the thermal anomaly zone located on the north section of Mahawu volcano peak, and the flow of heat laterally trend to the northeast.
References
Bujung, C.A.N., Singarimbun, A., Muslim, D., Hirnawan, F., Sudradjat, A. 2010 Karakteristik Spektral Permukaan Daerah Panas Bumi [Spectral Characteristics of the
Geothermal Surface Area]. Proceedings of National Seminar on Physics, pp.10-17. [Bahasa Indonesia]
Bujung, C.A.N., Singarimbun, A., Muslim, D., Hirnawan, F., Sudradjat, A. 2011. Analisis data Multispektral untuk Identifikasi Potensi Panas Bumi [Multispectral Data Analysis
for the Identification of Geothermal Potention]. Journal of Bionatura Vol.13 No.1. [Bahasa Indonesia]
Calvin, M., Coolbaugh, M., Kratt, Ch., Vaughan, R.G. 2007. Application of Remote Sensing Technology to Geothermal Exploration. Nevada: GBCGE and Department of
Geological Sciences University of Nevada. Haselwimmer, C. Prakash, A. 2012. Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing of Geothermal
Systems. Alaska: Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks Lillesand, T.M, Kiefer R.W., Chipman, J.W. 2004. Remote Sensing and Image
Interpretation 5ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Proceedings of MatricesFor IITTEP – ICoMaNSEd 2015
ISBN: 978-602-74204-0-3
Physics Page 262
Poedjo Prajitno, S. 2012. Morphostructure Control Towards the Development of Mahawu Volcanic Complex, North Sulawesi. Indonesian Journal of Geology, Vol. 7, No. 1,
pp.39-54. Siahaan, E.E., 2005. Tectonism and Volcanism Study in the Minahasa Compartment of the
North Arm of Sulawesi Related to Lahendong Geothermal Field, Indonesia. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress. Antalaya Turkey,
p5. Yu-Jun Zhang Fo-Jun Yao. 2015. Interpreting the Shortwave Infrared Thermal Infrared
Regions of Remote Sensed Electromagnetic Spectrum with Application for Mineral- Deposits Exploration. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, Vol.3, pp.254-
261.
Proceedings of MatricesFor IITTEP – ICoMaNSEd 2015
ISBN: 978-602-74204-0-3
Physics Page 263
WTP-WTA INSTRUMENT FOR CONTROLLING THE TOURISM DESTINATION LIFE-CYCLE
Paulus A. Pangemanan
1
, Christophil S. Medellu
2
1
Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
2
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, State University of Manado adrian.pangemanangmail.com
Abstract The sustainable development of tourism destination is depends on the equilibrium of economic aspects
and the natural resources conservation. Controlling this equilibrium can focused on the Willingness to Pay WTP of tourist versus the Willingness to Accept WTA of community, supported by
government and the tourism business. In 2012 the authors formulate a model of instrument to control the collinearity of WTP - WTA vectors plotted in two dimensions, which its abscissa the value of
resources conservation and the ordinate is the economy economic growth. Data for plotting the WTP and WTA vector derived from indicators for the conservation of natural resources destination and the
economy which were converted to the rupiah. Tourist needs will be met if the vector of WTP co-linear or nearly co-linear with the vector of WTA. Management leads to economic exploitation if the two
vectors are closer to the axis of the economy. Management will ensure the longer utilization of resources if the two vectors closer to the axis of conservation. Simulation of the model to the Bunaken
National Park shows three scenarios: 1 faster economic growth, with faster accession of optimal utilization limit, 2 proportional and natural growth as existing condition, 3 normal economic
growth with longer accession of optimal utilization limit. This instrument models can be applied or adapted in the analysis and control of the utilization of other resources that have a significant impact
on natural resources and environmental degradation Keywords:
Sustainable development, tourism destination, willingness to pay, willingness to accept.
1. Introduction
