Proceedings of MatricesFor IITTEP – ICoMaNSEd 2015
ISBN: 978-602-74204-0-3
Physics Page 246
night. The area of edge gradient diurnal dynamic determined using the numeric integral method, with sampling interval of time Δt about 0.1 minute. The number of data obtained by
dividing the area above and below the equilibrium line by Δt. Using equation 1 we get the day and night area of edge gradient diurnal dynamic. The unit of edge gradient diurnal
dynamics area is the multiplication of gradient unit with time unit. The unit of edge gradient diurnal dynamics area for temperature is
o
C.hourmeter, while the unit for humidity variable is: .hourmeter. Microclimate edge gradient diurnal dynamics index is a quantity of night
divided by day area. This index is no unit. The procedure of determining the edge gradient diurnal dynamic area, include other parameters, such as the maximum difference of
microclimate variable inside and outside the forest, the maximum edge gradient, and the depth of edge effects. The excess of parameter: edge gradient diurnal dynamic area, is able to
demonstrate the energy accumulated in forest ecosystems as well as the transfer of energy between forests and the environment during one day. This parameter can be used to
characterize forest ecosystems and to monitor changes in ecosystems and ecosystem- environment interactions Medellu, 2012.
3. Application of Parameter: Edge Gradient Diurnal Dynamic Area
Summary of mangrove characterization using the software of edge gradient diurnal dynamic area is presented in Table-1. Table-1 shows that the edge gradient diurnal dynamics area of
microclimate variables are depends on: 1 the density of canopy cover that associated with the type and condition of mangrove, 2 the environmental as: sea, paved roads, coastal
vegetated and not vegetated, 3 any fragments patches or open spaces in the mangrove forest. These results verify that this parameter can characterize ecotypes, structure and the
adjacent environment condition of mangrove ecosystem. This parameter is also potential to be used as an indicator of changes in forest ecosystems deforestation, reforestation or trees
growth and the changes in adjacent environment deforestation, planting, global warming etc..
Table-1 shows the consistency of quantity of edge gradient diurnal dynamic area at the day and night. Transects which has the large area at the day, also showed a large area at night.
Physically, these quantities demonstrate the phenomenon of energy transfer between the environment and the mangrove forest ecosystems. During the day, the exposed surface sea,
road, beach not vegetated received sun radiation energy higher than the surface land and water under the dense canopy of mangrove. At the day, air temperature over the exposed
surface rise faster and higher than air temperature under the mangrove. At the day the direction of thermal energy flow as free or forced diffusion, was from surrounding to the
mangrove ecosystem. At night, thermal energy over the exposed surface decrease faster than under the mangrove canopy. Around 07.00
– 08.00 p.m. ecosystem and environment is in the state of thermal equilibrium and no energy flow. After this time range, thermal energy under
the mangrove was higher than environment, and the energy flow was from ecosystem to the adjacent environment. Humidity changes inversely with the changes of air temperature. The
consistency of transect grouping based on the edge gradient diurnal dynamic area of air temperature versus humidity was shown in Figure-7 and Figure-8. The two figures present the
same grouping at the day and night. This is to verify that the parameter can explain the changes in ecosystem-environment interaction, so that can be used to monitor the change of
ecosystem andor adjacent environment. These parameters can also characterize the thermal interactions around the boundary of patches, which the canopy cover, high of trees and other
forest structure was different. This is associates with the forest capacity in absorption and retention the thermal energy Medellu, 2012; Medellu et al, 2012
Proceedings of MatricesFor IITTEP – ICoMaNSEd 2015
ISBN: 978-602-74204-0-3
Physics Page 247
Tabel-1. Karakteristik transek dan besaran luas bidang dinamika harian gradient suhu udara dan kelembaban
Tra nse
ct Mang-
rove eco
type Forest structure
ca- nopy
cover Environment
condition The area of gradient
diurnal dynamic at the day
The area
of gradient
diurnal dynamic at night Air
temperature
o
C.hour Humidity
.hourm Air
temperature
o
C.hourm Humidity
.hourm
1 Fringe
Homogeny, Rhizophora, gap at
36 m from edge 72-85
sea, Talengen
Bay 9.59
9.18 3.04
19.34 2
Fringe Homogeny,
Rhizophora 75-85
Sea, Talengen
Bay 9.70
10.03 3.14
20.01 3
Riveri ne
Homogeny, Rhizophora
78-88 RiverTaleng
en Bay 9.97
9.77 3.07
20.36 4
Ham- mock
Fragmented 12 m from the edge
90-95 55-70
Aspalt strreet,
mangro ve at 8 m from
edge 8.99
8.45 2.84
17.84 5
Fringe Homogeny,
Rhizophora 75-80
Coast shrub
9.40 9.65
3.14 20.48
6 Basin
Heterogeny in type, high and canopy
cover 40-65
Coast.shrub, sea
infront 7.83
8.36 2.71
16.76 7
Basin Heterogeny,
dominati on of Avicenia
35-55 Coastshrub
7.31 8.37
2.74 15.50
8 Scrub
heterogeny, dominati on of
Avicenia 50-60
Coastshrub 7.44
8.07 2.55
17.45 9
Fringe Homogeny,
Rhizophora, pohon tinggi
75-85 Sea
9.69 9.89
3.17 19.48
10 Basin
Heterogeny, in type,
high and canopy cover
55-65 Coast, shrub
and high trees
8.66 8.34
2.72 21.29
Source: Medellu, 2012, 2013
Figure-7. Transects grouping based on day gradient dynamic area of temperature vs humidity Medellu, 2013
8 10
2 5
1
Area of day gradient of temperature
o
C.hourm
Ar ea
of day
g rad
ie nt
of hu
m idi
ty .ho
ur m
7,5 8
8,5 9
9,5 10
10,5
7 7,5
8 8,5
9 9,5
10 3
9
4 6
7
Proceedings of MatricesFor IITTEP – ICoMaNSEd 2015
ISBN: 978-602-74204-0-3
Physics Page 248
4. Conclusion
