CHAPTER IV RESEARCH AND DISCUSSIONS
This chapter presents the result of the study which is administered to investigate the effectiveness of Guided Imagery for teaching writing viewed from
students’ creativity. It consists of data description, testing hypotheses, and discussion of the results.
A. Data Description
This research uses data which are obtained from the students’ writing scores taken from the experimental class treated by using Guided Imagery and the control class
treated by using Direct Instruction. This research was conducted at the seventh grade students of SMP N 2 Karangmalang in the academic year of 20132014.
There are seven classes of it. The classes which were used in this research were class VII F for the control class and VII G for the experimental class. Class VII F
was taught by Direct Intruction and class VII G was taught by Guided Imagery. Those classes consist of 34 students for each. Besides conducting the writing test,
the writer also conducted the creativity test to measure the students’ creativity level. The creativity scores were grouped into high and low creativity levels. The
data are described through mean, mode, median, and standard deviation. The data description, furthermore, is divided into 8 groups, they are as follows:
1 the data of the students who are taught using Guided Imagery A
1
; 2 the data of the students who are taught using Direct Instruction A
2
; 3 the data of the students having high creativity B
1
;
4 the data of the students having low creativity B
2
; 5 the data of the students having high creativity who are taught using Guided
Imagery A
1
B
1
; 6 the data of the students having high creativity who are taught using Direct
Instruction A
2
B
1
; 7 the data of the students having low creativity who are taught using Guided
Imagery A
1
B
2
; 8 the data of the students having low creativity who are taught using Direct
Instruction A
2
B
2
. The details of each group are presented as follows: 1.
The scores of the students who are taught using Guided Imagery A
1
The scores of the students who are taught using Guided Imagery are: 82, 96, 87, 74, 71, 65, 75, 91, 76, 87, 80, 95, 79, 78, 86, 68, 94, 89, 90, 64, 77, 93, 63, 69, 83,
83, 91, 70, 92, 97, 72, 65, 78, and 71. The highest score is 97, and the lowest score is 63. The range is 34, the number of classes used is 6, and the interval
class width of each class is 6. The mean is 80.32, there are two modes: 76.00 and 90.10, the median is 79.64 and the standard deviation is 10.35. The frequency
distribution, histogram, and polygon of the data can be seen as follows:
Table 4.1 Frequency Distribution of Data A
1
Class Limit Class
Boundaries Midpoint Xi
f
63-68 62.5-68.5
65.5 5
14.70 69-74
68.5-74.5 71.5
6 17.65
75-80 74.5-80.5
77.5 7
20.59 81-86
80.5-86.5 83.5
4 11.76
87-92 86.5-92.5
89.5 7
20.59 93-98
92.5-98.5 95.5
5 14.71
∑
34 100.0
Figure 4.1 Histogram and Polygon of Data A
1
2. The scores of the students who are taught using Direct Instruction A
2
The scores of the students who are taught using Direct Instruction are: 70, 67, 66, 65, 75, 86, 72, 73, 81, 66, 81, 85, 76, 78, 85, 80, 63, 52, 52, 51, 51, 60, 65, 54, 76,
70, 50, 73, 64, 78, 67, 74, 68, and 63. The highest score is 86, and the lowest score is 50. The range is 36, the number of classes used is 6, and the interval class
Fr e
q u
e n
cy
Class Boundaries A
1
62.5 68.5 74.5 80.5 86.5 92.5 98.5
width of each class is 7. The mean is 68.74, the mode is 68.40, the median is 69.10, and the standard deviation is 10.47. The frequency distribution, histogram,
and polygon of the data can be seen as follows:
Table 4.2 Frequency Distribution of Data A
2
Class Limit Class
Boundaries Midpoint
Xi f
50-56 49.5-56.5
53 6
17.65 57-63
56.5-63.5 60
3 8.82
64-70 63.5-70.5
67 10
29.41 71-77
70.5-77.5 74
7 20.59
78-84 77.5-84.5
81 5
14.71 85-91
84.5-91.5 88
3 8.82
∑
34 100.0
Figure 4.2 Histogram and Polygon of Data A
2
3. The scores of the students having high creativity B
1
The scores of the students having high creativity are: 82, 96, 87, 74, 71, 65, 75, 91, 76, 87, 80, 95, 79, 78, 86, 68, 94, 70, 67, 66, 65, 75, 86, 72, 73, 81, 66, 81, 85,
Fr e
q u
e n
cy
Class Boundaries
A
2
49.5 56.5 63.5 70.5 77.5 84.5 91.5
76, 78, 85, 80, and 63. The highest score is 96, and the lowest score is 63. The range is 33, the number of classes used is 6, and the interval class width of each
class is 6. The mean is 78.03, the mode is 78.50, the median is 77.83, and the standard deviation is 9.14. The frequency distribution, histogram, and polygon of
the data can be seen as follows:
Table 4.3 Frequency Distribution of Data B
1
Class Limit Class
Boundaries Midpoint
Xi f
63-68 62.5-68.5
65.5 7
20.59 69-74
68.5-74.5 71.5
5 14.71
75-80 74.5-80.5
77.5 9
26.47 81-86
80.5-86.5 83.5
7 20.59
87-92 86.5-92.5
89.5 3
8.82 93-98
92.5-98.5 95.5
3 8.82
∑
34 100.00
Figure 4.3 Histogram and Polygon of Data B
1
Fr e
q u
e n
cy
Class Boundaries
B
1
62.5 68.5 74.5 80.5 86.5 92.5 98.5
4. The scores of the students having low creativity B
2
; The scores of the students having low creativity are: 89, 90, 64, 77, 93, 63, 69, 83,
83, 91, 70, 92, 97, 72, 65, 78, 71, 52, 52, 51, 51, 60, 65, 54, 76, 70, 50, 73, 64, 78, 67, 74, 68, and 63. The highest score is 97, and the lowest score is 50. The range
is 47, the number of classes used is 6, and the interval class width of each class is 8. The mean is 71.03, the mode is 67.50, the median is 69.50, and the standard
deviation is 13.31. The frequency distribution, histogram, and polygon of the data can be seen as follows:
Table 4.4 Frequency Distribution of Data B
2
Class Limit Class
Boundaries Midpoint
Xi f
50-57 49.5-57.5
53.5 6
17.65 58-65
57.5-65.5 61.5
7 20.59
66-73 65.5-73.5
69.5 8
23.53 74-81
73.5-81.5 77.5
5 14.71
82-89 81.5-89.5
85.5 3
8.82 90-97
89.5-97.5 93.5
5 14.71
∑
34 100.00
Figure 4.4 Histogram and Polygon of Data B
2
Fr e
q u
e n
cy
Class Boundaries
B
2
49.5 57.5 65.5 73.5 81.5 89.5
5. The scores of the students having high creativity who are taught using
Guided Imagery A
1
B
1
The scores of the students having high creativity who are taught using Guided Imagery are: 82, 96, 87, 74, 71, 65, 75, 91, 76, 87, 80, 95, 79, 78, 86, 68, and 94.
The highest score is 96, and the lowest score is 65. The range is 31, the number of classes used is 5, and the interval class width of each class is 7. The mean is
81.41, the modes are 74.00 and 89.00, the median is 83.75, and the standard deviation is 9.47. The frequency distribution, histogram, and polygon of the data
can be seen as follows:
Table 4.5 Frequency Distribution of Data A
1
B
1
Class Limit Class
Boundaries Midpoint
Xi f
65-71 64.5-71.5
68 3
17.65 72-78
71.5-78.5 75
4 23.53
79-85 78.5-85.5
82 3
17.65 86-92
85.5-92.5 89
4 23.53
93-99 92.5-99.5
96 3
17.65 ∑
17 100.00
Figure 4.5 Histogram and Polygon of Data A
1
B
1
Fr e
q u
e n
cy
Class Boundaries
A
1
B
1
64.5 71.5 78.5 85.5 92.5 99.5
6. The scores of the students having high creativity who are taught using
Direct Instruction A
2
B
1
The scores of the students having high creativity who are taught using Direct Instruction are: 70, 67, 66, 65, 75, 86, 72, 73, 81, 66, 81, 85, 76, 78, 85, 80, and
63. The highest score is 86, and the lowest score is 63. The range is 23, the number of classes used is 5, and the interval class width of each class is 5. The
mean is 74.65, the mode is 65.63, the median is 75.00, and the standard deviation is 7.64. The frequency distribution, histogram, and polygon of the data can be
seen as follows:
Table 4.6 Frequency Distribution of Data A
2
B
1
Class Limit Class
Boundaries Midpoint
Xi f
63-67 62.5-67.5
65.0 5
29.41 68-72
67.5-72.5 70.0
2 11.76
73-77 72.5-77.5
75.0 3
17.65 78-82
77.5-82.5 80.0
4 23.53
83-87 82.5-87.5
85.0 3
17.65 ∑
17 100.00
Figure 4.6 Histogram and Polygon of Data A
2
B
1
Fr e
q u
e n
cy
Class Boundaries
A
2
B
1
62.5 67.5 72.5 77.5 82.5 87.5
7. The scores of the students having low creativity who are taught using
Guided Imagery A
1
B
2
The scores of the students having low creativity who are taught using Guided Imagery are: 89, 90, 64, 77, 93, 63, 69, 83, 83, 91, 70, 92, 97, 72, 65, 78, and 71.
The highest score is 97, and the lowest score is 63. The range is 34, the number of classes used is 5, and the interval class width of each class is 7. The mean is
79.24, the modes are 68.10, 78.83, and 92.83, the median is 81.13, and the standard deviation is 11.35. The frequency distribution, histogram, and polygon of
the data can be seen as follows:
Table 4.7 Frequency Distribution of Data A
1
B
2
Class Limit Class Boundaries
Midpoint Xi
f
63-69 62.5-69.5
66.0 4
23.5 70-76
69.5-76.5 73.0
3 17.6
77-83 76.5-83.5
80.0 4
23.5 84-90
83.5-90.5 87.0
2 11.8
91-97 90.5-97.5
94.0 4
23.5 ∑
17 100.0
Figure 4.7 Histogram and Polygon of Data A
1
B
2
Fr e
q u
e n
cy
Class Boundaries
A
1
B
2
62.5 69.5 76.5 83.5 90.5
8. The scores of the students having low creativity who are taught using
Direct Instruction A
2
B
2
The scores of the students having low creativity who are taught using Direct Instruction are: 52, 52, 51, 51, 60, 65, 54, 76, 70, 50, 73, 64, 78, 67, 74, 68, and
63. The highest score is 78, and the lowest score is 50. The range is 28, the number of classes used is 5, and the interval class width of each class is 6. The
mean is 62.82, the mode is 51.77, the median is 63.50, and the standard deviation is 9.68. The frequency distribution, histogram, and polygon of the data can be
seen as follows:
Table 4.8 Frequency Distribution of Data A
2
B
2
Class Limit Class Boundaries Midpoint Xi
f
49-54 48.5-54.5
51.5 6
35.29 55-60
54.5-60.5 57.5
1 5.88
61-66 60.5-66.5
63.5 3
17.65 67-72
66.5-72.5 69.5
3 17.65
73-78 72.5-78.5
75.5 4
23.53 ∑
17 100.00
Figure 4.8 Histogram and Polygon of Data A
2
B
2
Fr e
q u
e n
cy
Class Boundaries
A
2
B
2
48.5 54.5 60.5 66.5 72.5
B. Testing Hypotheses
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