Backgroud of the Study

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Backgroud of the Study

Translation plays as an important role in human life, because it has made communication between people with different languages that could be done appropriately. It is hard to imagine how the intercultural dialouge is conducted to improve understanding and cooperation among nation. Circulation of ideas, knowledge, information, and the values from one nation to another notion will also get hindrance without using translation. In general, translation is a process to transfer the message, knowledge, information, and culture in source language into target language. Translating is often considered as easy. It is occured because when someone who understands the source language, which is the main component in translation, not necessarily guarantee that they can translated it properly and accurately. The translation is not as easy as we think. There are various factors that is influenced the process of translation, one of them is culture. In a translation task, culture is an important element; when the translator does the translation, he does not only transfer the idea or information, but also culture, the process of transferring the idea or information is influenced by the translator culture, it can be seen from the way of translator in understanding and re-express the message through the target language. For example is translating literary texts, such as translating a short story. At this context, translator must find direct equivalent for a thing or event that is unknown foreign in target language culture. In other words, translators have difficulty in finding an equivalent of cultural words or phrase that contains elements of culture, because there is no direct and exact equivalent in the target language. The word buku in Indonesian has a direct equivalent in English, it is book, but the cultural word such as rendang a Sumatra‟s specific food from Padang is unknown in English. In this case, there is non-equivalence in translating. It causes the untranslatability in rendering the message between two languages due to cultural differences like perspective, customs, belief, environment, and others. Therefore, it is necessary to find a procedure or a certain way to obtain the equivalent in translating the non-equivalence which is cultural words. Thus, the translation is acceptable and easily understood by readers who are not familiar with source language culture. The reader should get the intent of the author as a form of establishment of communication between writer and foreign reader. For example, in short story Ziarah Lebaran, which was translated into English to be Holiday Pilgrimage, there is written phrase amben becomes a wide bamboo bench. Of course, the translation is acceptable for the readers, because it is comprehensible, and it can communicate between writer and reader. In the translation, the phrase amben is described. This way is one of the translation procedures, which is mentioned as descriptive equivalent. Descriptive equivalent is used to produce a natural translation. Meanwhile, a good and accurate translation must still be supported, so that the quality of translation can also be maintained. The combination of words in phrases is a very important first step in the process of translation instead of looking for the equivalent lexical of each word separately. For example, the word Rice in Indonesia have same meaning as beras, padi, gabah. To translate this word, first, A translator must know the cultural context of source language to find the exact equivalent. Also, in looking for suitable word, translator can find the lexical meaning in dictionaries. To translate the words that contain elements of culture, translators have to be more careful and give special treatment in harmonizing the words because he must consider both language and culture. There are two devices used in translation, i.e. the intellectual and practical device. Intellectual device include a good capability in the source language and target language. Like as knowledge of the subject matter being translated, the application of knowledge societies, as well as skills. Practical devices include the ability to use the references and sources of knowledge about the context of a text. 1 So, before translating the text a translator had to master it. 1 Jhonny Prasetyo, 2011. Analisis Transposisi dan Modulasi Pada Buku Teori Budaya Terjemahan dari Buku Culture Theory, Lingua Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, Vol. VII, no. 1, p.1. From the explanation above, there are two main problems; they are no equivalence and no-universality in translation. No-equivalence is no appropriate word in changing source language word that is bound by culture into target language word that is caused the untranslatability. It is no-universality when there is no uniformity in the term and notion translation procedure. In this study, the writer tries to analyze of cultural words in short story of Ziarah Lebaran translated by John Mcglynn to English version, Holiday Pilgrimage. The writer would like to know the translation procedures used by the translator in translating the cultural words, as well as the results of the translation accuracy.

B. Focus of the Study