Background of the Study

1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

A social interaction will be well maintained if the conditions are completed. One of them is the awareness of the form of politeness. 1 Courtesy is the procedure or the customs prevailing in society. This courtesy is specified or agreed together by a particular community so that courtesy as well as a prerequisite that is agreed by language community. Courtesy can be viewed from various aspects in everyday life. One of them was the courtesy in communication or common is called politeness language. Politeness is reflected in the procedure to communicate verbally or speaking manner. According to Rahardi, this procedure of language includes the word choice, up to the level of sentences, grammar, choice of variety, and intonation. 2 The procedure of language that purposed in this research is limited to the choice of words. Language is system of sign which constitutes the verbal manifestation of ideas or the speaker ideas to convey the information to hearer and used as a tool of communication. 3 The communication involves two persons or more. The person who utters his idea or information is called the speaker and the person who hears 1 Kushartanti, Untung Yuwono dan Multamia RMT Lauder, Pesona Bahasa: Langkah Awal Memahami Linguistik . Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2005 , p. 105. 2 Rahardi, R. Kunjana, Pragmatik: Kesantunan Impertif Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2002, p. 19. 3 Ibid. p.3 the speaker’s idea or information is called the hearer. Therefore, the language must contain the meaning that understood together by the speaker and the hearer. As well as in the utterances of courtesy that contains the meaning of politeness. Generally speaking, politeness involves taking account of the feelings of others, as with linguistic politeness, it is the use of language to attend to face needs to maintain smooth interaction and good relationship. In discussing the issue of politeness, Leech explained that politeness language basically have to pay attention to the six maxims of the politeness; there are Tact maxims, Generosity maxims, Approbation maxim, Modesty maxim, Agreement maxim, and Sympathy maxim. 4 Violation of the principle of politeness is often violated by people thus resulting in losses to the other, among them in daily life when communication or there also found in the programs on television or comedy shows. Everyday interaction serves both affective or social, and referential or informative function. Being linguistically polite involves speaking to people appropriately in the light of their relationship. Sometimes people do not notice that they are speaking impoliteness when they are joking and it results in losses to the other. Not only in daily life but also in the movie the writer finds the impoliteness words like in Date Night movie. Date Night is a 2010 is an action comedy film directed by Shawn Levy and starring Steve Carell and Tina Fey. It was released in the United States on April 9, 4 Leech, Goffrey dan M.D.D. Oka penerjemah, Prinsip-Prinsip Pragmatik Jakarta: UI Press, 1993, p. 206-207. 2010. 5 The film has received generally positive reviews. Review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes reports that 67 of critics have given the film a positive review, based on 188 reviews, with an average score of 6.210. 6 On its opening weekend, 20th Century Fox reported that Date Night grossed 27.1 million, about 200,000 more than Warner Bros. reported for Clash of the Titans. In a recount, Clash of the Titans retained the No. 1 spot for a second-straight weekend with 26.6 million. 7 Date Night debuted in second-place with 25.2 million, nearly 2 million less than distributor 20th Century Fox had reported a day earlier. 8 The film won the Teen Choice Award for Movie Comedy and Fey won the Teen Choice Award for Movie Actress: Comedy. 9 Based on the explanation above, the writer is interested in analyzing the violation of maxim of politeness in dialog of Date Night movie. For the example from the dialogue: Phil Foster: But you guys are happy Brad Sullivan: No, Phil, were not. Phil Foster: No, no. No, you guys are really happy Brad Sullivan: No, Phil, were really not. 10 The example above contains the aspect of impoliteness language that can be seen from the use of the word ‘no’. In this dialogue, Brad expresses disagreement to Phil statement. He maximizes disagreement with Phil’s statement 5 http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiDate_Night 6 http:www.rottentomatoes.commdate_night 7 Wikipedia, Op.cit. p.4 8 Ibid 9 Ibid 10 http:www.imsdb.comscriptsDate-Night.html. because he said that he is not happy. So from this disagreement, Brad violates the Agreement Maxim. The agreement maxim the speaker should minimize disagreement between self and other and otherwise Maximize agreement between self and other. The communication is a process where the information exchanged between individuals, then, there are two persons or more involved in communication. The person who utters his idea or information is called the speaker and the person who hears the speaker’s idea or information is called the hearer. The writer finds the sentence or the words that cause offense in the impoliteness language from the dialog. Therefore, the writer is interested to research the maxims of the politeness that is found on dialogue of Date Night movie. Then the writer is interested to analyze this topic because there are many impoliteness words actually can be analyzed through its language using pragmatics theory.

B. Focus of the Study