Σ
D : Total score between I variable X variable and II variable Y
variable. And D is gained with formula; D = X – Y N
: Number of Cases SD
D
: The standard deviation from the differences between score of X variable and Y variable, which is gained with the formula;
2 2
⎥ ⎥
⎦ ⎤
⎢ ⎢
⎣ ⎡
− =
∑ ∑
N D
N D
SD
D
SE
MD
: The standard error mean of differences that is gained with the formula;
1 −
= N
SD SE
D MD
df : Degree of freedom with formula : N – 1
And Gained Score formula is stated: Gained d Score = Post-test – Pre-test
B. RESEARCH FINDINGS
1. The Description of Data
After conducting the research, the writer analyzed two kinds of data; the scores of the pre-test and the scores of the post test.
a. The Pre-Test Scores
After analyzing the data of the pre-test scores, it shows that the mean X 57.083, the standard deviation is 15.017, the median is 58, the highest score is
72 and the lower score is 36. The data can be seen in the table below:
Table 3.1 No
Score Pre-Test No
Score Pre-Test
1 36 13 70
2 46 14 66
3 58 15 68
4 40 16 54
5 56 17 66
6 52 18 72
7 58 19 62
8 56 20 58
9 46 21 54
10 66 22 70 11 44 23 72
12 36 24 64
b. The Post-Test Scores
After analyzing the data of the post-test scores, it shows that the mean X 77.5, the standard deviation is 6.982, the median is 78, the highest score is
90 and the lower score is 66. The data can be seen in the table below:
Table 3.2 No
Score Post-Test No
Score Post-Test
1 72 13 86
2 78 14 84
3 66 15 80
4 68 16 80
5 80 17 78
6 86 18 90
7 82 19 74
8 78 20 70
9 66 21 72
10 80 22 80
11 78 23 90 12 66 24 76
c. The Comparison between the pre-test and the post-test scores
1 Using the T-test formula
To compare the result of the pre-test and post test, the researcher uses the following formula:
MD
SE MD
to =
The Comparison of the Test Result Table 3.3
No Score Pre-Test
Score Post-Test D = X – Y
D `1
2 3
4 5
6 7
8 9
10 11
12 13
14 15
16 17
18 19
20 21
36 58
46 40
52 56
58 56
46 66
44 36
70 66
68 54
66 72
62 58
54 72
78 66
68 80
86 82
78 66
80 78
66 86
84 80
78 80
90 74
70 72
-36 -20
-20 -28
-28 -30
-24 -22
-20 -14
-34 -30
-16 -18
-12 -24
-14 -18
-12 -12
-18 1296
400 400
784 784
900 576
484 400
196 1156
900 256
324 144
576 196
324 144
144 324
22 23
24 70
72 64
80 90
76 -10
-18 -12
100 324
144
N=24
∑ 57,08 ∑ 77,5
∑ D = -490 ∑ D
2
= 11276
Based on the data in table 4, the writer calculated the result of ∑D = - 490
and ∑D
2
= 11276. Then, the writer tried to find out the standard deviation with the formula:
2 2
2
⎥ ⎥
⎦ ⎤
⎢ ⎢
⎣ ⎡
− =
∑ ∑
N D
N D
SD
2
24 490
24 11276
⎥⎦ ⎤
⎢⎣ ⎡−
− =
[ ]
2
42 .
20 83
. 496
− −
=
9764 .
416 83
. 496
− =
8536 .
79 =
936 .
8 =
To find out the mean of differences MD between variable X and Y, the writer used the formula;
∑
= N
D MD
24 490
− =
42 .
20 −
= After gaining the result of SD
2
= 8.936, the writer calculated the standard error from mean of differences SE
MD
between variable X and Y:
1 −
= N
SD SE
D MD
1 24
936 .
8 −
=
23 936
. 8
=
795 .
4 936
. 8
=
86 .
1 =
The last calculation is determining the result of t
o
t observation of the test with formula:
MD
SE MD
to =
86 .
1 42
. 20
− =
978 .
10 −
= The result - 10.978 indicated that there was a difference of degree as much
as - 10.978. Regardless the minus, it does not indicate negative scores. Then, to complete the result of the research, the writer tried to find out the
degree of freedom df with formula:
1 −
= N df
1 24
− =
23 =
df = 23 see table of “t” value at degree of significance of 5 and 1 At the degree of significance of 5 = 2.04
At the degree of significance of 1 = 2.75 The result is 2.04 10.978 2.75
The result of analyzing the data by using the formula above shows that the coefficient is 10.978 this means that there is a significance increase that the
conditional sentence type 2 taught by collaborative learning.
2 Using the Gained Score formula
To compare the result of pre-test and post-test, the researcher also used this formula:
Gained d Score = Post test – Pre test
The Comparison of the Test Result Table 3.4
No Score Pre-Test
Score Post-Test Gained d
Score Post test- Pre test
`1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
36 58
46 40
52 56
58 56
46 66
44 36
70 66
68 54
66 72
62 58
54 70
72 64
72 78
66 68
80 86
82 78
66 80
78 66
86 84
80 78
80 90
74 70
72 80
90 76
36 20
20 28
28 30
24 22
20 14
34 30
16 18
12 24
14 18
12 12
18 10
18 12
N=24
∑57,08 ∑ 77,5
∑ 490
Based on the table above, it can be concluded that the lowest gained score from pre-test is 36 and the highest score is 72. Mean while, the lowest gained
score from post-test is 66 and the highest score is 90.
2. The Interpretation
