Aif Habib, Sobia Rashid
102
Simple Regression Model
Unstandardized Coeicients
Standardized Coeicients
t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
SMT SAT
ITT DPT
.140 .036
1.821 .136
.114 .116
.135 .101
0.085 0.023
0.798 0.078
1.226 .311
13.513 1.341
.000 .000
.000 .183
a. Dependent Variable: Project Outcomes Model Summary
Model R
R Square Adjusted R
Square Std. Error of the
Esimate 1
.847 .717
.705 1.93604
Applying these coeicient values, our regression equaion would become as follows:
PO = 3.558 + .140SMT+ .036SAT + 1.821ITT+. 136DPT
In model-I the regression analysis used to ind the impact of risk management techniques on project outcomes. In above table the un-standardized coefficient
of regression for shape mitigate .140 shows project outcomes increases by o n l y 14 points by every unit increase in shape miigate techniques
and the p-value is .000 showing shape miigate techniques are signiicantly related to project outcomes. The un-standardized coefficient of regression
for shape allocate .036 shows project outcomes increases by 3.6 points by every unit increase in shape allocate techniques and the p-value is
.000 showing shape miigate techniques are signiicantly related to project outcomes. The un-standardized coefficient of regression for influence
transfer 1.821 shows project outcomes increases by 182 points by every unit increase in inluence transfer techniques and the p-value is .000 showing
inluence transfer techniques are signiicantly related to project outcomes. The un-standardized coefficient of regression for diversify through
portfolios .136 shows project outcomes increases by 13 points by every unit increase in diversify through porfolios techniques and the p-value is .183
showing diversify through porfolios techniques are not signiicantly related to project outcomes. Coeicient of determinaion R-square=0.717 shows that
71.0 variaion is explained by the variable. The F-value shows that model is signiicant p0.0
In Development Sector: A Case Of NGOs INGOs In Pakistan
103
6. Conclusion
This research has been conducted with an aim to ind out the relaionship and impact of risk management techniques on project outcomes in development
sector of Pakistan. The main purpose has been to ind out the relaionship between these variables in Pakistani culture and to provide true and actual facts to the
management of the NGOs and INGOs in the development sector of Pakistan. An adapted model has been used and all the variables have been supported through
the latest literature. Reliability Analysis of this research have made it clear that the variables used are reliable and valid and the cronbach alpha values are as per
the acceptable range all around the world i.e. 0.7 or above.
The results of this study shows that among the four techniques, that are Shape and Miigate, Shit and Allocate, Inluence and Transfer and Diversify
through porfolios, the most signiicant technique is ITT, then comes the SMT, then DPT and inally the SAT. Moreover all the techniques are posiively related
to the project outcomes excewpt DPT. It is posiively related but is not signiicant showing the P-Value of 0.183. In accordance to the results when risks are
controllable Shape and Miigate strategy should be used. Whereas, when risks are out of control but speciic, Shit and Allocate should be used. When risks are
under control but poorly deined, Inluence and Transfer should be used. When risks are systemaic as well as broad and controllable, Diversify through porfolio
should be used.
Frequency distribuion has been checked through overall frequency analysis on the basis of demographic i.e. gender, age, qualiicaion, work experience,
department and organizaion for which the respondents are working for. It also elaborated the data clearly as how the respondents illed the quesionnaires.
The relaionship of variables has been both signiicant and non-signiicant in this study. Previous studies done on risk management techniques are case based
and lot of literary material has been explained by researchers in miscellaneous industries which are quanitaively analyzed in this study. Even though the
previous literature focused on real opions that are valuing the risks involved. This study focuses on the managerial techniques of risk management of idenifying,
shaping, and understanding these opions. As Value can be added and enhanced by crating opions for progressive choices and pracicing these opions in a
sensible way. Accordingly, it is essenial to seek projects which payofs under certain formal and technical condiions and project oicials can manage risks by
using appropriate management techniques in accordance to the extent of risk impact and its nature Roger and Lessard, 2001.
6.1 Limitaions and Future Recommendaions It is worthy for any research study to talk about it strong points and weak pointes.
