Temperature role LITERATURE REVIEW

Table 3 continue Secondary Data Population data UPTD Konservasi Penyu Pangumbahan Beach profile Yonathan 2010, unpublished data Sea bottom substrate http:edcsns17.cr.usgs.govEarthExplorer Monthly SST April 2010 2011 and Oct 2010 2011 http:www.oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov 3.4. Sampling methods 3.4.1. Seaturtle body measurement and tagging Adult female nesting seaturtle body measurement and flipper tag attachment were done after the oviposition was done. Morphometric measurements were done in two ways, Curve Carapace Length and Width CCLW and Straight Carapace Length and Width SCLW Bolten, 1999 see Figure 3. Measurements over the carapace curve CCL in adults are 3 to 4 cm larger than straight carapace length SCL Marquez-M, 1990. CCLW was measured by using flexible measuring tape while Straight Carapace Length and Width SCLW was measured by using stiff measuring tape and stick. Straight carapace length and width SCLW Bolten, 1999 of 21 nesting green turtles and curved carapace length and width CCLW Bolten, 1999 of 25 green turtles were measured during the field work. Additional data of curved carapace length and width CCLW and population data of nesting green turtle in 2010 n = 104 and 2011 n = 36 were obtained from the UPTD Konservasi Penyu Pangumbahan. Hatchlings carapace length and width n = 58 were measured by using SCLW as suggested by Bolten 1999. Hatchlings body weight n = 55 was measured by using digital scale accuracy ± 0.01 gram. In addition, we also investigated hatchlings straight carapace length - width and body weight. Straight carapace size was measured using a caliper with accuracy of ± 0.1 cm. The main interest for this measurement was to know whether it was safe to sample hatchlings body fluids for sex determination. Sex of seaturtle hatchlings can not be defined by looking at external anatomy. There are several methods to do so, both direct and indirect method. Conventional method was to look at the gonad by dissecting. Testosterone reproduction hormone level assay by using blood tissue allows us to define hatchlings sex without harming them. Initially, it has to be confirmed that the sampled blood volume did not exceed 1 of the body weight Phillippa, 2011, personal communication.

3.4.2. Habitat characteristic

3.4.2.1. Nesting habitat

Main focus of this section was to observe the characteristic of green turtle C. mydas nesting beach of Pangumbahan, Sukabumi and nests both natural and artificial characteristics. Characteristics which were studied in this research were beach profile, beach and hatcheries shade area, beach and nest sand grain composition, nest temperature, nest humidity, and nest depth.

3.4.2.1.1. Nesting beach profile

Beach profile information was obtained from a research partner, Yonathan 2010, unpublished data who mapped the beach topography by using theodolith. General information of beach profile such as slope and width also obtained with direct observation during sampling qualitatively.

3.4.2.1.2. Beach and hatchery shade area condition

There are reports noted that many green turtle nest located under canopy of beach vegetation, especially Sea pandanus Nuitja, 1992. The vegetation also plays role in regulating humidity of the substrate surrounding. Some female turtles prefer to lay eggs under the canopy of vegetation. Line intersect sampling method van Laar and Akça, 2007, see Figure 5, was carried out to measure the shade area of vegetation and sample domination type and taxa of outer beach vegetation Diez and Ottenwalder, 1999. A few meters extension toward the vegetation aggregation was applied also as we learned from our preliminary survey that green turtle of Pangumbahan also found nesting there. Type of vegetation was be classified as tree and shrub.