2. Problem Formulation 3. Objective of the Study

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

This chapter includes theories and reviews on related literature that support the analysis of the novel. It consists of the theoretical review, review of related studies and the theoretical framework. Theoretical review will explain and discuss further the basic theories needed for the analysis. As the basis of problem solving, some theories are required to analyze the problem formulation established in Chapter 1. Review of related studies will review other previously done studies on similar topics. It will show how this study is different from them. The theoretical framework will explain how the theories mentioned answer the problem. 2. 1. Theoretical Review 2. 1. 1 Theory of Critical Approach This analysis used an approach based on Rohberger and Woods. Rohrberger and Woods Jr. 1971: 3 define in Reading and Writing about Literature, there are five approaches that can be applied to analyze a work of literature. They are the formalist approach, the biographical approach, the sociocultural-historical approach, the mythopoeic approach and the psychological approach. The writer will not use all of the approaches mentioned by Rohrberger and Woods. The writer will only use the psychological approach since it is closely relate to the study. As stated before, psychological approach is used to discover and 8 demonstrate certain repetitive patterns, while the knowledge of psychology will help me to explain and understand the human motivation, personality and behavior pattern written in the novel. The writer will use the psychological approach in analyzing Okonkwos reasons in committing suicide. Okonkwo has some problems with his life, which are formed by his personality. His personalities become the starting points that motivate him to commit suicide. Therefore, the psychological approach is the most suitable theory to explain and describe the analysis of Okonkwo’s motivations. On the other side, the writer finds it easier to analyze and to understand the novel deeply.

2. 1. 2 Theory of Character

Characters play important role to the story in literary work. So, the readers need to know the characters in the story in order to understand the story. Every person in the story has their own character. Therefore, the readers have to know the definition and the kinds of character. Abrams 1981: 23 states that characters are the persons presented in a dramatic or narrative work. Characters are interpreted by the readers as being endowed with moral, dispositional, and emotional qualities that are expressed in their dialogue. The basic of character’s emotion, desire, and temperament called motivation.