understanding of the character inside a story. Second is indirect presentation. In this method, there will be no clear explanation about the
character in the story as the direct presentation. The reader should be able to conclude and understand the character through its actions in the whole story;
what they say, thinks, or does. The reader will have to read the story very carefully in order to understand the characterization. Thus indirect
presentation of characters will lead to different perception of the character by different reader.
2. Theory on Religion
Religion is related with supernatural or mystical power which is clearly not owned or possessed by human. This power is even beyond
humans logical understanding. In the field of religion, humans have a relationship with God. God is the one who has unbelievably great power to
control the whole universe. This power is believed to be owned only by God.
Sometimes people are frustrated by so many problems that they have in their life. This will lead them to the need of something to help them get
through many problems they have. The need of humans to cope with every single problem in their life then will lead them to find a great power which
can support them and help them every single time they need. Some problems cannot be solved by themselves although humans have so many
tools, resources, and technology. After realizing that human only have such
limited power, human search for power that more powerful than what they have. The power they search is the power that they got by having a
relationship with God or believing in a religion. By believing in religion, people will have more strength and courage to face everything on their life.
Thus many people finally will come to the fact that they actually need the power of God.
Many people think that what so called as a religion is only one single thing. According to Paloutzian, religion is not just one single thing though.
Religion is constructed by five important factors which support each other to form one unity. Those five important factors are belief, practice, feeling,
knowledge, and effect Paloutzian, 1996: 14. a.
Religious Belief Ideological Dimension This first factor in a religion refers to what people believed as a part of a
religion. As in traditional religion for example, it refers to the belief that spirits stay in certain objects.
b. Religious Practice Ritualistic Dimension
This second factor refers to what people do as a part of a religion. This could be a particular ceremony or praying activity which are determined
by the rules of each religion. c.
Religious Feeling Experiential Dimension This third factor refers to the feeling inside each person related to
religion.
d. Religious Knowledge Intellectual Dimension
This fourth factor refers to the information or knowledge about the religion that each person knows.
e. Religious Effects Consequential Dimension
This last factor refers to a certain behavior of each person which is guided by the person‟s belief of certain religion. This behavior is usually
not a part of the religion. Moreover, religion is not just a belief but refers to a thinking, a feeling
and also an action of a person. A religion consists of conscious ideas, hopes, enthusiasm, and object of worship. Religion promises to deliver human soul
into an eternal better condition Santayana, 1962: 38-57. The fact is undeniable that religion plays a very important role in
individuals life or society. It has a function in individuals life or society to takes part properly in the effort to achieve the goal of physical and spiritual
wealth. Here are some of the functions in supporting the goals Hendropuspito, 1982: 38-57.
a. Education
Religion is believed to give authoritative teaching. In the scope of purity, it may not be wrong. Religion communicates its teaching by means of
functionary such as priest, rabbi, prophet, etc.
b. Salvation
Everybody wishes for salvation in both this world and the next world. Religion provides the salvation. It teaches to achieve the salvation
especially in the next world which is beyond humans thought. c.
Social Control Religion has responsibility to maintain good norms from the destructive
attacks. It retains good forms even from governments system that violates human living. It selects norms in a society then strengthens the
good one and rejects the bad one. It also conducts a very tight control in the norm of implementations.
d. Enrich Brotherhood
In religion a man does not only involve partly but a whole of his personality in a deep intimacy with God. A man then encounters a
collective belief in which individual, collectively dedicates themselves to the highest. Then in this togetherness of faith they experience the highest
happiness. e.
Transformation It means the change of the style of the old society living into the new
one. If a new religion judges traditional values in the society against the principle of humanity, then religion changes the old values by
implementing the new ones. As the result, transformation will change human loyalty to the traditional values into the new ones.
C. Theoretical Framework
