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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Review of Related Studies
The novel The Chronicles of Narnia the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is one of the seven sagas that are written by C.S. Lewis. The other novel of The
Chronicles of Narniaare The Magician’s Nephew, The Horse and His Boy, Prince
Caspian, The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, The Siler Chair, and The Last Battle. The Chronicles of Narnia the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe novel tells about
two daughter of eve and two son of Adam that are exploring Narnia, a magic world. They meet some queer creatures like dwarves, giants, merpeople, centaurs,
fauns, and animal that can talking. There are some people that already discusses this novel, one of them is
Margareth Aritonang. She discusses about the portrayal of the female antagonist in the seven books of C.S. Lewis’s The Chronicles of Narnia that are assumed as
the representations of Misogyny toward woman. She analyzes each of the females who are considered antagonist in the novels according to their chronological
appearance. Later she investigates literary allusions from other works of literature which are found within the female antagonist in the chronicles then addresses the
images of women from the Bible that has been inspiring numbers of literary work include Narnia. Finally she concludes that the misogynistic accusation at Lewis
and his work is still unproven, therefore is worth re-evaluating.
Liu Xinjie in his paper, he will demonstrate that The Chronicles of Narnia the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is the bearer of important moral lesson for
children. He discusses about the important moral value that represent by various characters, human and animal. By using the devices of talking animals,
fascinating images as well as enchantment, the narrator expresses didactic message in an entertaining manner. How moral values in The Chronicles of
Narnia the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe are expressed in action. It has inspired children to exceed the limitation of themselves and become the best
people they can be. Another research is done by Marcelina Galuh Kristiyani. She writes about
personality changing of Edmund after he gets bad treatment. She uses The Chronicles of Narnia the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe in her undergraduate
thesis. She works on it and finds the personality changing which happened to Edmund is caused by the bad treatment by the White Witch. In her undergraduate
thesis Marcelina just focuses on the personality changing. This research is different from those three researches above. First,
Margareth writes about the female antagonists that exist in C.S. Lewis book. She analyzes the characters that point out the Bible which has been inspiring for this
novel. Liu Xinjie writes about the moral values from those characters in the novel. Moreover, Marcelina’s thesis writes about the personality changes Edmund
characteristic, one of the main characters in the novel. The similarity with those researches is analyzing C.S.Lewis’s book and
focus in the character that presented on that book. Unlike those three researches
above, in this research the writer focuses on the message that revealed by the character supported by conflicts. It is important for the writer to see the message
from the character because this is a children literature, so the message becomes the important things. However, the message can also be addressed for anyone who
read it, include an adult. Therefore the study has different topic from the previous one.
B. Review of Related Theories
There are some theories that are needed to answer the problem formulation. Those are:
1. Theory of Character and Characterization
Character is one of the important elements of the story. The characters are known by the reader as some people who have moral and dispositional qualities.
These qualities are usually expressed in what they say the dialogue and what they do the action Abrams, 2012:46. In his theory he says that the character is
a person presented and has a role in a story. The readers interpret the character as characteristic by expressing the way they say or their dialogue and the way they
do or their action.
Characterization is the way the author creates characters. It means that characterization is process the author creates the characters to make the readers
believes that his character is a particular type of person Rohrberger and Wood, 1971:20