about other people and the things they say often give as a clue to the character of the person spoken about.
f. Reaction The author can also give us a clue to a person’s character by letting us
know how that person reacts to various situation and events. g. Direct comment
The author can describe or comment on a person’s character directly. h. Thought
The author can give us direct knowledge of what a person thinking about. i. Mannerism
The author can describe a person’s mannerism, habits or idiosyncrasies which may also tell us something about his character.
Unlike Murphy who has nine ways to understand the characteristic of a character, Barnet in his book describe only three ways to understand it. They are:
a. What the character figure says How the character says will help the readers interpret herhis
characteristic. b. What the character does acts
The reader can learn the attitudes or behaviors of a character and they may guess how actually the author crates the character.
c. What other characters say about the character A character interacts with other characters. They share their opinion and
gives comments about that character. Such opinion and statement may reflect the characteristic of the character drawn.
2. Theory of Conflict
One of important element of fiction is conflict. Every work of fiction contains two types of conflict. They are internal and external conflict. Internal
conflict means a conflict between man versus himself. That means heshe arguing with himselfherself. Heshe fights against himself about what to do before
something happens this conflict forces himher to make decision. While, the external conflict means that the conflict happens when the protagonist has
problem and conflicting against other characters. Usually the protagonist fights against a single character or more than one Stanton, 1965: 16
According to Holman and Harmon, conflict is a struggle that is produced by the dealings of two opposing focuses in the plot. They explain there are four
types of conflict, they are: a. A Struggle Between Against Nature.
It presents the character’s struggle when they have to deal with natural forces, such as flood, hurricane, earthquake, and etc.
b. A Struggle Against Another Person. It is struggle between the protagonists against another person can be a
person or more than one.
c. A Struggle between Society. It happens when the character deal with a particular social force, condition
prod uced by society, or society’s value system.
d. A struggle against Fate or Destiny It is also called internal conflict. It shows the struggle between the
character when they try to change their own fate or destiny Harmon, 2009:123.
3. Theory of Message
Message is one of elements of any work art that can be found intentionally or unintentionally. According to Beaty and Hunter a message is defined as the real
meaning or some essay conclusion that can be simply stated or summarized inside a work of art 1989: 899. It means that message is the main basic that can cover
the whole idea of a certain work of art. It gives the illusion for the reader that certain literary work exist to tempt the readers to get the real meaning of live
through the novel, drama, poem, etc. The meaning of message is often confused with the theme. In order to
avoid the misconception between the meaning and the theme, the writer tries to conclude by seeing the different meaning between theme and message from the
definition by Beaty and Hunter. They say the difference between theme and message is that message seeks to inform or convince, meanwhile theme seeks to
have the reader comprehends and emphasizes so that the idea are more broadly accessible 1989: 899. It means that the message tends to give moral values to
convince the reader rather than giving ideas broadly like theme. These definitions are hope the writer to find the message from the novel.
Message in a story intended as suggestion related to practical lesson that can be taken by the readers through the story. They are closely related to the
problems in life, such as attitude and behavior. The readers can find them in real life, in the same manners as they reflected on the story through it characters.
The message is distributed through those various ways. By contrast, if readers want to understand or interpret the message, they should do it based on the
story and the character’s life.
C. Theoretical Framework
The topic that the writer wants to discuss in this thesis is the message that is reflected in character which supported by the conflict in The Chronicles of
Narnia the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. To analyze this study, the writer uses theory of character and characterization, theory of conflict and theory of
message. The theory of character and characterization are used to answer the first
question in problem formulation, about the characteristic of the main character. Theory of character from Abram can help the writer to understand about one of
the main characters that exist in the story. To find the characterization the writer use theory of Murphy that states that there are nine ways to tell the readers about a
character to be understandable.
