above, in this research the writer focuses on the message that revealed by the character supported by conflicts. It is important for the writer to see the message
from the character because this is a children literature, so the message becomes the important things. However, the message can also be addressed for anyone who
read it, include an adult. Therefore the study has different topic from the previous one.
B. Review of Related Theories
There are some theories that are needed to answer the problem formulation. Those are:
1. Theory of Character and Characterization
Character is one of the important elements of the story. The characters are known by the reader as some people who have moral and dispositional qualities.
These qualities are usually expressed in what they say the dialogue and what they do the action Abrams, 2012:46. In his theory he says that the character is
a person presented and has a role in a story. The readers interpret the character as characteristic by expressing the way they say or their dialogue and the way they
do or their action.
Characterization is the way the author creates characters. It means that characterization is process the author creates the characters to make the readers
believes that his character is a particular type of person Rohrberger and Wood, 1971:20
There are nine way for the author to tell the readers about a character to be understandable. They are Murphy, 1988: 161-173:
a. Personal description Personal description is how the author can describe the person’s
appearance and clothes, face and body. By the appearance can help the reader to imagine how the character is.
b. Character as seen by another Instead of describing a character directly the author can describe him
through the eye and options of another. c. Speech
The author can give us an insight into the character of one of the person in the book through what that person says. Whenever a person speaks, whenever he
is in conversation with another whenever he puts forward an opinion, he is giving us some clue to this character.
d. Past life By letting the reader learn something about a person’s past life the author
can give us a clue to events that have helped to shape a person’s character. This
can be done by direct comment by author, though the person’s thought, thought his conversation or through the medium of another person.
e. Conversation of others The author can also give us clue to a person’s character through the
conversation of other people and the things they say about him. People do talk
about other people and the things they say often give as a clue to the character of the person spoken about.
f. Reaction The author can also give us a clue to a person’s character by letting us
know how that person reacts to various situation and events. g. Direct comment
The author can describe or comment on a person’s character directly. h. Thought
The author can give us direct knowledge of what a person thinking about. i. Mannerism
The author can describe a person’s mannerism, habits or idiosyncrasies which may also tell us something about his character.
Unlike Murphy who has nine ways to understand the characteristic of a character, Barnet in his book describe only three ways to understand it. They are:
a. What the character figure says How the character says will help the readers interpret herhis
characteristic. b. What the character does acts
The reader can learn the attitudes or behaviors of a character and they may guess how actually the author crates the character.
