Objectives of the Study Definition of Terms

It means that James‟ novels have some differences with the real 19 th century novels because James is aware that the 21 st century readers are different to them in the 19 th century. For that reason, James makes some adjustment to accommodate her readers‟ favor by making some scenes in the novel that does not really happen in the 19 th century. The example is James makes her characters have some adjustment to be more contemporary. When some detail and language of the novel are accurate according to the past condition, some parts of the novel such as eroticism were written from contemporary point of view Bringing Past Sex to Life is Complicated , 28 October 2012. It means that James wrote her novels do not only consider to the accurate detail of the past such as the costume, language, and setting, but also according to the readers‟ favorite style in the 21 st Century. Seeing those analyzes related to the novel, A Kiss at Midnight, the writer found similar idea to the previous studies such as the mingling of the distance and the reality in the Historical Romance that will be disscussed. Besides the similarity, the writer will also present this thesis differently to the previous studies mentioned above. The writer tries to do deeper analyzes about British social condition in the 19 th Century in the novel. Then, the writer tries to analyze one by one what Eloisa James‟ views toward British Social condition at that time that are represent in the novel A Kiss at Midnight.

B. Review Related Theories

To answer the problems, the writer needs some theories to support the analysis. The theories are the theory of character, the theory of setting, the theory of the relationship between literature and society, and the review on the 19 th century British society.

1. Theory of Character

Abrams states that character is the person that is represented in a dramatic or narrative work, character interpreted by the reader possessing moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities that are express in what they say –the dialogue- and what they do –the action 1993: 23. Based on that statement, character is a person that appears in the story, this person does not need to be strong. Character also has particular moral qualities, intellectual, and emotional that is built them. In this study, the writer will use those values to describe the characters in A Kiss at Midnight novel. There are nine ways authors can make their characters understandable by the readers, as M.J Murphy states is his book Understanding Unseen. The first is personal descripstion. Personal description is a way the author uses to describe a person‟s appearence and costume. The second is the character as seen by another. This is the way the author describe a character throught the eyes and opinions of another. The third is speech. Whenever the character involves in a conversation with other, or gives opinion, he is actually giving the reader some clues to his character. The next way is past life. Past life can be a clue for the reader to shape a