List of Mathematical Symbols
3.10 List of Mathematical Symbols
In the following tables, you find all the symbols normally accessible from math mode .
To use the symbols listed in Tables 3.12 – 3.16 , 7 the package amssymb must be loaded in the preamble of the document and the AMS math fonts must be installed, on the system. If the AMS package and fonts are not installed, on your system, have a look at CTAN:/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/amslatex
Table 3.1: Math Mode Accents.
ˆ a \hat{a}
´ a \acute{a} ` a \grave{a}
ˇ a \check{a}
a ˜ \tilde{a}
˘ a \breve{a} ¯ a \bar{a}
˙a \dot{a}
¨ a \ddot{a}
~a \vec{a}
A b \widehat{A}
A e \widetilde{A}
Table 3.2: Lowercase Greek Letters.
α \alpha
υ \upsilon β \beta
θ \theta
φ \phi γ \gamma
ϑ \vartheta
π \pi
ϕ \varphi δ \delta
ι \iota
̟ \varpi
χ \chi ǫ \epsilon
κ \kappa
ρ \rho
ψ \psi ε \varepsilon
λ \lambda
̺ \varrho
ω \omega ζ \zeta
µ \mu
σ \sigma
ς \varsigma η \eta
Table 3.3: Uppercase Greek Letters. Γ \Gamma
Ψ \Psi ∆ \Delta
Λ \Lambda
Σ \Sigma
Ω \Omega Θ \Theta
7 These tables were derived from symbols.tex by David Carlisle and subsequently changed extensively as suggested by Josef Tkadlec.
3.10 List of Mathematical Symbols
Table 3.4: Binary Relations.
You can produce corresponding negations by adding a \not command as prefix to the following symbols.
≤ \leq or \le
≥ \geq or \ge
❁ \sqsubset a ❂ \sqsupset a ✶ \Join a
∋ \ni , \owns
6= \neq or \ne
a Use the latexsym package to access this symbol
Table 3.5: Binary Operators.
± \pm
⊳ \triangleleft · \cdot
∓ \mp
⊲ \triangleright × \times
• \bullet ⊕ \oplus
∨ \vee , \lor
∧ \wedge , \land
⋄ \diamond ⊙ \odot
∐ \amalg △ \bigtriangleup
\dagger ✁ \lhd a ✄ \rhd a ‡ \ddagger
✂ \unlhd a ☎ \unrhd a ≀ \wr
54 Typesetting Mathematical Formulae
Table 3.6: BIG Operators.
L \sum
\bigoplus Q
\bigcup
\bigvee
V N \prod
F J \coprod
\bigodot R
Table 3.7: Arrows.
← \leftarrow or \gets
↑ \uparrow → \rightarrow or \to
←− \longleftarrow
↓ \downarrow ↔ \leftrightarrow
−→ \longrightarrow
l \updownarrow ⇐ \Leftarrow
←→ \longleftrightarrow
⇑ \Uparrow ⇒ \Rightarrow
⇐= \Longleftarrow
⇓ \Downarrow ⇔ \Leftrightarrow
\Longrightarrow
m \Updownarrow 7→ \mapsto
⇐⇒ \Longleftrightarrow
ր \nearrow ←֓ \hookleftarrow
7−→ \longmapsto
ց \searrow ↼ \leftharpoonup
\hookrightarrow
ւ \swarrow ↽ \leftharpoondown
\rightharpoonup
տ \nwarrow ⇋ \rightleftharpoons
\rightharpoondown
⇐⇒ \iff (bigger spaces)
❀ \leadsto a
a Use the latexsym package to access this symbol
Table 3.8: Delimiters.
⇑ \Uparrow [ [ or \lbrack
↑ \uparrow
⇓ \Downarrow { \{ or \lbrace } \} or \rbrace l \updownarrow
] ] or \rbrack
↓ \downarrow
m \Updownarrow
k \| or \Vert ⌊ \lfloor
h \langle
i \rangle
| | or \vert
. (dual. empty)
Table 3.9: Large Delimiters.
\lgroup
\lmoustache \rmoustache
\rgroup
\arrowvert w \Arrowvert \bracevert
3.10 List of Mathematical Symbols
Table 3.10: Miscellaneous Symbols. ... \dots
ℓ \ell ℜ \Re
✵ \mho a ∂ \partial
∞ \infty \nabla
\prime
∅ \emptyset
✷ \Box a ✸ \Diamond ∇ a △
\triangle
⊥ \bot
\surd ♦ \diamondsuit
\neg or \lnot
a Use the latexsym package to access this symbol
Table 3.11: Non-Mathematical Symbols. These symbols can also be used in text mode. † \dag
§ \S
c \copyright
Table 3.12: AMS Delimiters.
p \ulcorner
y \lrcorner | \lvert
q \urcorner
x \llcorner
| \rvert
k \lVert
k \rVert
Table 3.13: AMS Greek and Hebrew. ̥ \digamma
κ \varkappa
i \beth
k \daleth
ג \gimel
56 Typesetting Mathematical Formulae
Table 3.14: AMS Binary Relations.
⋖ \lessdot
\gtrdot
+ \doteqdot or \Doteq
; \fallingdotseq ≦ \leqq
0 \eqslantless
1 \eqslantgtr
≖ \eqcirc ≪ \lll or \llless
≧ \geqq
⊜ \circeq . \lesssim
≫ \ggg or \gggtr
, \triangleq / \lessapprox
& \gtrsim
≏ \bumpeq ≶ \lessgtr
' \gtrapprox
≎ \Bumpeq ⋚ \lesseqgtr
≷ \gtrless
∼ \thicksim S \lesseqqgtr
R \gtreqless
T \gtreqqless
∽ \backsim - \precsim
2 \curlyeqprec
3 \curlyeqsucc
⋍ \backsimeq w
j \subseteqq
\Vdash ⋐ \Subset
k \supseteqq
∝ \varpropto p
\therefore
\because
≬ \between ` \smallsmile
\shortmid
\shortparallel
⋔ \pitchfork ⊳ \vartriangleleft
a \smallfrown
⊲ \vartriangleright
◭ \blacktriangleleft
E \trianglelefteq
D \trianglerighteq
◮ \blacktriangleright
Table 3.15: AMS Arrows.
L99 \dashleftarrow
⊸ \multimap ⇔ \leftleftarrows
99K \dashrightarrow
⇈ \upuparrows ⇆ \leftrightarrows
⇒ \rightrightarrows
⇄ \rightleftarrows
\upharpoonleft և \twoheadleftarrow
⇚ \Lleftarrow
⇛ \Rrightarrow
\upharpoonright \leftarrowtail
։ \twoheadrightarrow
\downharpoonleft ⇌ \leftrightharpoons
\rightarrowtail
\downharpoonright \Lsh
⇋ \rightleftharpoons
\rightsquigarrow " \looparrowleft
\Rsh
! \leftrightsquigarrow x \curvearrowleft
# \looparrowright
y \curvearrowright
\circlearrowleft
\circlearrowright
3.10 List of Mathematical Symbols
Table 3.16: AMS Negated Binary Relations and Arrows. ≮ \nless
' \varsupsetneqq " \nsubseteqq
\nleqslant # \nsupseteqq
\gneqq
\nmid
\lvertneqq ∦ \nparallel
\nshortmid
\nshortparallel ≨ \lnapprox
⋪ \ntriangleleft \varsubsetneq
) \supsetneq
⋫ \ntriangleright * \nsubseteq
! \varsupsetneq
5 \ntrianglelefteq $ \subsetneqq
= \nleftrightarrow : \nLeftarrow
Table 3.17: AMS Binary Operators. ∔ \dotplus
⊺ \intercal ⋉ \ltimes
> \divideontimes ⋒ \Cup or \doublecup ⋓ \Cap or \doublecap r \smallsetminus ⊻ \veebar
⋊ \rtimes
[ \doublebarwedge ⊞ \boxplus
⊼ \barwedge
⊖ \circleddash ⊠ \boxtimes
⊟ \boxminus
⊚ \circledcirc ⋋ \leftthreetimes
g \curlyvee
f \curlywedge
58 Typesetting Mathematical Formulae
Table 3.18: AMS Miscellaneous.
k \Bbbk s \circledS △ \vartriangle
~ \hbar
ℏ \hslash
∁ \complement ▽ \triangledown
N \blacktriangle
a \Game ♦ \lozenge
H \blacktriangledown
⋆ \bigstar ∠ \angle
∡ \measuredangle
∢ \sphericalangle
8 \backprime ∄ \nexists
∅ \varnothing ð \eth
` \Finv
✵ \mho
Table 3.19: Math Alphabets.
Example Command Required package ABCdef
\mathrm{ABCdef}
ABCdef
\mathit{ABCdef}
ABCdef \mathnormal{ABCdef} ABC
\mathcal{ABC}
ABC
\mathcal{ABC}
eucal with option: mathcal or
eucal with option: mathscr ABCdef
\mathscr{ABC}
\mathfrak{ABCdef}
eufrak
ABC
\mathbb{ABC}
amsfonts or amssymb
Chapter 4