15 strongerthan thefactors thatcome from outside. Second, the theory ofempiricism,
states thatthe development ofan individual willbe determined byempiricismorthe experiencesgained duringthe development ofthe individual isstill ongoingor walking.
Third, theconvergencetheory,
this theoryis a combinationoftheory ofnativismandempiricismtheoryproposed byWilliamStern.
WilliamSternin Sujanto, 2004:4-5, statedthat the establishment ofa personalorcharacterdeterminedbyinsideandoutside factors. Inside FactororInnate
factorsiseverything that has beenborn withbothpsychologicalandbodilynature. Whileexternalfactorsor environmental factorsare all things thatexistoutside of
humans, both the living andthe dead.
2.5 Theory of Convergence
William Louis Stern, a German psychologist and noted as a pioneer in the field of the psychology of personality, he was born at April 29th, 1871 in Germany
and died at March 27th in Durham, USA. He introduced the theory of convergence, it is the combination between the theory of Nativism and theory of Empirism.
Theory of convergence by William Louis Stern isthe theorywhich statedthat the establishmentordevelopment ofpersonality of a personis
determinedbyinnatefactorsandalsofactorsinthe surroundingenvironment. AccordingWalgito2004:
51-52, theconvergencetheorystatesthat the
environmenthas an important roleinpersonality development. In broad
outline,environmentdistinguished as follows.
16 1.
The physical environment, namelyin the form ofthe
naturalenvironment, such as soil conditions, seasonal conditionsandso on. Different natural environmentwillgive adifferenteffectto the
individual. For examplemountain areasgive different effectwhen compared toothercoastal areas.
2. The social environment, which issociety. Inthese communitiesthere
areinteractionsbetweenone individual withanother. Society
conditionswillgivea certain influenceon the development ofthe individual. The social environmentcan be divided intotwo, they are:
aPrimarySocialEnvironment, which issocial environmentwithclose relationshipbetween thememberswith the other members for example
family. b SecondarySocialEnvironment, which issocial environmentof
thememberwithother member’s relationshipis ratherloose for example distant neighbors.
In social lifesometimes peopledo notfit inwith the normsof society. People canattemptto be ableto change thebad normsintoa goodnorm. Sothe individual is
activelygivingeffect to theenvironment. AccordingWalgito2004: 48-49, the development ofindividualwill be
determinedbyInnate factorsbasic orendogenous
factors, as well as
byenvironmentsfactors orcircumstances orexogenous factors. Endogenous factorsare factors thatbroughtbyan individualfrom conceptionto birth.
Endogenous factorsinclude, asfollows.
17 1.
Innate personality which related to physical factor, such as skin color. This personality usually cannot be changed
2. Psychological innate personality which closely related to the spiritual
state in the form of temperament. Temperament is an innate personality associated with physiological functions such as blood,
glands, and other fluid contained in the human body and is constant or cannot be changed.
3. Innate personalityin the form ofthe character, which formedthe
entirety of theindividualpersonalitythatappearinthe dailyactionsas a result ofinnateand the environment.So thatcharacteris the onlyinnate
personalitythat can bechanged orcan beinfluenced from outside.
Exogenous factorsare factors thatcomefrom outsidethe individual,in the form ofexperiences, environment,educationandso on. This factordistinguished onnon-
social factors and socialfactors. Social factorsinclude the family, school, andcommunity. While thenon-social factorsincludethe living and thedeadorganic
andinorganic.
1
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
