11 whichbyreadersinterpreted to havecertainmoral qualitiesandtendenciesas expressed
inspeech andwhat is donein action.
2.2.2 Personality
Personality is a pattern of relatively permanent character anda unique character that gives consistency as well individuality fora persons behavior
FeistFeist, 2009. Allport in Friedman Schustack, 2006, states that personality isdynamic organization of individual psychophysical systems that determine their
unique adjustmentto the environment.
2.3 Idealism
Idealism is the metaphysical view that associates reality to ideas in the mind rather than to material objects. It lays emphasis on the mental or spiritual
components of experience, and renounces the notion of material existence. Idealism is the philosophical theory which maintains that experience is ultimately based on
mental activity. Epistemological idealists such as Kant claim that the only things which can be directly known for certain are just ideas abstraction. In literature,
idealism refers to the thoughts or the ideas of the writer. Idealism sometimes refers to a tradition in thought that represents things of a perfect form, as in the fields of
ethics, morality, aesthetics, and value. In this way, it represents a human perfect being or circumstance.
Ahmad Agungin Juhaya S. Pradja, 1987: 38 divided idealism into three kinds, below are the explanations:
12 1 SubjectiveIdealism or also called Immaterialism, Mentalism, and
Phenomenalism.A subjective idealist would say that the mind, the soul, and perceptions-perceptions or ideas are everything that exists. An object of experience is
not a material object;object of experience is the perception. Therefore objects such as buildings and trees that exist, but only in the sense that perceive it.
SubjectiveIdealismisidealist minded philosophyandstartsonthe ideaof manorhis own ideas. Nature and societyiscreated fromthe ideaof man. Everything
thatarisesandoccursin natureorinsocietyisthe result oforbecause ofthe creationof manorhis ownideas,
orin other words,nature and societyis just an ideamindofthemselves orthe humanidea.One of thefamous personalitiesofthis
genreisanEnglishbishopnamedGeorgeBerkeley1684-1753AD, according
toBerkeley, everythingcaught by oursensationfeelingisnotrealandis
notmateriallyexistobjectively. 2
ObjectiveIdealism, which issaidthat theminddiscoverwhat is
alreadycontained in thenatural order. Objectiveidealismisanidealist minded philosophyviewschools of philosophy, and theidealsisopposite fromthe idea
ofuniversalAbsolute Idea-HegelPlatos LOGOS beyond theidea ofhumanideas. According toobjectiveidealismeverything iseither innatureorsocietyisthe resultof the
creation ofa universalidea. This kind ofphilosophical viewbasicallyadmit to somethingthat is notmaterial, that iseternallybeyondhuman, something that did
notexistbefore theworldismaterialuniverse, including the human beingsandall thoughtsandfeelings.Famousfiguresofthisphilosophyare: JohannesErigena833 AD,
ThomasAquinas1225-1274 AD, DunsScotus1270-1308 AD, etc.
13 Then in modern times around the 18th century came a new system of
objective idealism philosophy, which is proposed by George.WF Hegel 1770-1831 AD. According to Hegel the essence of this world is absolute idea, which is
absolute and objective in all things, and infinite in space and time. This The idea of absolute, in the process reveals itself in the form of natural phenomenon, the
symptoms of society, and the symptoms of the mind. 3 Individual Idealism or PersonalIdealismPersonalism, is the values and the
struggles are to perfect himself. This personalism appear as a protest against mechanical materialism and monistic idealism.
Any man who carries his theoretical doubts or denial of the external world so far that even in his everyday experience he is forever reminding himself of the purely
subjective character of his perceptions will simply find himself flung out of the natural course and direction of life, stripped of all normal feeling and interest, and
sooner or later confronted with the danger of losing his mind completely. The strongest characteristic of Idealism is that nothing is accepted on faith
alone, this will help them to make the best decision regardless if it conflicted with the religious doctrine or not. However this is weak because the status quo mechanisms of
discovery are not advanced enough to explain everything that seems phenomenal. The Idealist pictured the world as an all-inclusive absolute mind, of which
individual human minds were fragmentary parts. To understand the world was to see it, almost mystically, as a systematic and indivisible whole. It followed from this that
the analytic way of looking at things to be found in science must inevitably misrepresent its subject-matter.
14
2.4 Psychology of Personality
