Theory of Psychoanalysis Review of Related Theories 1. Theory of Character and Characterization

This symptom refers to block out intrusive recollections of the trauma. Some of the avoidant strategies such as become engrossed in some activity, drinking alcohol or using drugs. C5. Feelings of detachment or estrangement from others This symptom relates to whether the individual feels distant or cut off from others compared to how they were before the traumatic event. C6. Restricted range of affect This symptom concerns the individual’s inability to have warm or loving feelings. Individual with this symptom is reported feeling emotionally numb and guilty that they are not concern about the plight of friends or family members, and that their conversational interaction has become robot-like. D1. Difficulty falling or staying asleep This symptom is self evidence. Just like other symptoms, this should have happened at least once in a month under consideration and caused distress at the time next day. D2. Irritability of outburst of anger This symptom concerns with the individuals’ inability to tolerate everyday’s hassles. They may respond by shouting, breaking or throwing object, or being physically aggressive. Scott and Stradling, 2001:8-12 The researcher finds that criteria B, C, and D set out the particular symptoms that traumatized victims might suffer while criteria A refers to the objectively extreme nature of traumatic event and refers to an intensely distressing subjective response. Since the this study has reveal Charlie’s traumatic experience which is sexual abuse and losing people he loves, the criteria A does not necessary in analyzing the symptoms someone who suffer of PTSD.

5. The Relation of Literature and Psychology

The focus of this research is to reveal a traumatic experience of a character in a work of literature. Traumatic experience deals with human psyche. Therefore, this research can only be analyzed perfectly by employing psychology. Since the character is in the work of literature, it is best to refer the relation between literature and psychology. Literature and psychology are two different things. Literature refers to works of creative imagination, including poetry, drama, fiction, nonfiction, journalism, and in some cases, song. Those written or spoken literature is called literary works. In the other hand, psychology deals with human psyche. Saul McLeod says in his article that psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior 2011. Fanzeh Dastmard says in his article that both literature and psychology has bilateral relation which means that human’s soul make literature and literature nourishes human’s soul 2012. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI