The second aim of this study is to find out his behavior through Charlie’s writing in the letters he wrote. By looking at how Charlie behaves toward himself
and his surroundings, also how he describes his condition in his letters, the researcher can easily collect Charlie’s behaviors that are suitable to the symptoms
of post traumatic stress disorder PTSD.
D. Definition of Terms
In this study, knowing the terms which are going to discuss is important. To avoid different understanding in the research, the analysis provides some
definitions of important words used in the analysis. The important terms in this study are related to psychological terms as the title is written, and the terms in
psychoanalysis, since this study is using psychoanalysis as the basic theory. The first important term of this study is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder of
PTSD. Glenn R. Schiraldi, Ph. D. in his book, The Post Traumatic Stress Disorder , says that PTSD is the results from exposure to an overwhelmingly
stressful event or series of events, such as war, rape, or abuse. It is a normal response by normal people to an abnormal situation. 2009 : 3
The second term is psychoanalysis. According to Sigmund Freud in McLeod’s article 2001, psychoanalysis is a method for treating mental illness
and also a theory which explains human behavior. The third term in this study is human behavior. March H. Bornstein,
Jerome Kagan, and Richard M. Lerner say that human behavior is the expression PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
of the capacity for physical, mental, and social activity in the human life and the reactions to the situations. Human behavior is also influenced by the culture,
emotions, values, and authority. 2014 By knowing the specific meaning of the terms, the researcher can give the
readers a better understanding about the topic that is going to discuss. Also, the readers can easily understand about the condition of the main character, Charlie,
in this study. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter covers three parts. The first part is the review of Stephen Chbosky’s The Perks of Being a Wallflower taken from journal and internet sites.
The second part is the review of the related theories consisting of theory of character and characterization, theory of psychoanalysis, and theory of post
traumatic stress disorder PTSD. The third part is the theoretical framework which explains the contribution of the theories and the reviews in solving the
problems formulation.
A. Review of Related Studies
Angel Daniel Matos in his article ”Writing through Growth, Growth through Writing: The Perks of Being a Wallflower and the Narrative of
Development” published by The ALAN review in 2013 says that Charlie has social issue and development. His social issue can be seen through the letter he
write to anonymous person. Charlie is described as someone with traumatic experience that has to deal with his social life and his identity. Angel Daniel
Matos also says that everything Charlie has discussed in his letters is the reflection of teenagers’ life in America in 1990s. The way he deals with his
society is by expressing what he fells in his letters, because according to Charlie, PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
the person who accepts his letters will never judge him or try to figure out who he is. In the end, his desire to stop writing the letters is because Charlie has fulfilled
his true aims Matos: 2013 The study of Stephen Chbosky’s The Perks of Being a Wallflower above is
discussing about the relation between Charlie’s life and his purpose in writing the series of letter. Angel Daniel Matos explains more about Charlie’s growth of his
real life is also as a reflection of the teenagers’ issue of 1990s in America. Charlie’s growth of interaction can also be seen through his growth of writing.
The specific discussion of the study above is about how letters are used to express Charlie’s feeling about his social life and the way he develops his writing is to
fulfill his aims. The second one is a journal by Michael Bulong. In his Journal, ”The
Reasons Behind Psychoanalysis The Perks of Being a Wallflower”, Michael Bulong says that Charlie’s behavior in the novel is caused by the death of his aunt
and Charlie fells he is the one to blame. His behavior of writing letters to anonymous is one of his effects of his guiltiness. Charlie also has introvert
personality. His feeling of abandonment made him quiet and never talked outside his family. Michael Bulong also says that there are symbols that contribute, such
as a typewriter which symbolizes Charlie. He writes something for self satisfaction. Charlie also has a battle within himself. But in the end he can go back
to his conscious after being trapped in his unconscious for a long time Bulong: 2014
