26 Expressionist love is considered an expression of a state of affairs towards
a beloved, which may be communicated through language or behaviour, but which is a reflection of an internal, emotional state, rather than an exhibition of
physical responses to stimuli. Others in this vein may claim love to be a spiritual response, the recognition of a soul that completes one’s own soul, or complements
or augments it. The spiritualist vision of love incorporates mystical as well as traditional romantic notions of love, but rejects the behaviourist or physicalist
explanations Moseley, 2001. Sternberg 1986, came up with a Triangular Theory of Love. The
underlying idea of this theory is that love can be dissected into three main parts: intimacy, passion, and decisioncommitment pp. 119-135.
a. Intimacy
This encompasses feelings of closeness, connectedness, and boundedness. With passion, there is the initial infatuation, the strong emotions, and the
attraction. It involves a high level of trust between two individuals
b. Passion
This encompasses drives that lead to romance, physical attraction, and sexual consummation. With intimacy, the lovers become closer, inter-dependant,
and psychologically their self-concepts begin to overlap.
c. Commitment
This encompasses, in the short term, the decision to remain with another, and in the long term, the shared achievements and plans made with that other.
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27 Commitment is the most volitional of the three, the decision to take steps to
maintain the love and the relationship.
d. Forms of Love
1 Liking or Friendship: Is characterizes true friendships, in which a person
feels a bond, warmth, and a closeness with another but not passion or long- term commitment.
2 Infatuated Love: It is pure passion. 3 Empty Love: It is characterized by commitment without intimacy or passion.
4 Romantic Love: It bonds individuals emotionally through intimacy and
physically through passionate arousal, but neither is sustained without commitment.
5 Companionate Love: It is an intimate, non-passionate type of love that is
stronger than friendship because of the element of long-term commitment. The love ideally shared between family members is a form of companionate
love, as is the love between close friends who have a platonic but strong friendship.
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28
6 Fatuous Love: Its commitment is motivated largely by passion without the
stabilizing influence of intimacy.
7 Consummate Love: It is the complete form of love. Consummate love is
theorized to be that love associated with the “perfect couple”. 1987; 341.
C. Context of the Novel 1. Review of Socio-Historical Background of Delft in the 17
th
Century
Girl with a Pearl Earring is a historical fiction about a young girl’s life that lives in the 17
th
century in Delft. For the study talks about the conditions in the society, the writer thinks that it is necessary to review the socio-historical
background at that time, which will be useful to analyse the influence of the society to the Griet’s life. The writer thinks that religion, socio-economic, and art
are the elements, which have influenced Griet most.
a. Religion 1 Catholicism in Delft
According to Janson 2001, n.d., “the Jesuits, who had established their first Dutch mission in 1592, moved to a permanent location in Delft in 1612. In
Delft, many Catholic families were prosperous and lived close to each other although we cannot speak of a true Catholic ghetto, but rather a neighbourhood
because no one was forced to live there. Many Catholics were prominent in business and industry and therefore vital for the prosperity of the town. Many of
the most successful faience, which employed a sizable part of the community, were Catholics.
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