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identity and freedom. “Third Space” brings in a new form of existence of colonized people to emerge as “neither the one...nor the others... but something else.”
The Homi K. Bhabha‟s Hybridity 1994:2-8 notion creates space for
colonized people, not only survival but also self-determination. The space gives an opportunity for colonized people to define their existence and to construct their
political and economic values, race, culture and their civilizations. The existence of colonized people‟s civilizations is equal to Western democratic civilization where
freedom for societies and individual is essential. Freedom gives a way for colonized people to build future democratic society. Sol Rod 1972: 59-64 explains the third
spaces for oppressed nations and its people are freedom, and freedom is the rights of every nation and individual.
c. Freedom
In democratic societies, freedom is essential for every individual; political, social and cultural freedom these are everyone‟s goal. When the West expands their
power over colonized countries, it indicates that freedom for the colonized people is nothing but an illusion. Freedom for colonized people is a destination and objective to
struggle for. In the case of Timor Leste, the main goal and objective for them is freedom:
Freedom is the rights for every individual. The individual has the right of choice. His view may be entirely mistaken and his actions may be detrimental
to his own well being. But as long as he does not interfere with the rights of others to do that which they regard as in their interests he may not be
compelled to act contrary to what he believes Sol Roth: 1972 59-70.
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Sulak Sivaraska 1998: 63 explains that freedom is not free from restriction but freedom is start from the generosity dana to moral living sila and then
redirected to mindfulness bhavana without controlling one another. From this perspective, freedom and happiness are create
d. In modern society‟s perception, freedom is free from external limitation or restriction placed by others who have
power or nature. Charles H. Westly 1945: 63 states that all men are freely equal and have
certain natural, essential, and unalienable rights which are reckoned for the right of enjoying their lives and liberties through acquiring, possessing, and protecting
property so that their safety and happiness are finally sought and obtained. The example of their rights is the rights in giving an opportunity to African American to
express their faith freely, rights for vote, freedom of expression, and equal in justice. Richard John Neuhaus 1985: 253-254 explains that in fulfilling the
democratic ideal, it is important for a democratic society to study freedom of religion and human rights in general. A democratic society does not only provide principles in
the written form of its constitution, but also has operating institutions in accordance with those principles. The principles should contain the freedom of religion for its
people since freedom is a basic human right of every individual in a democratic society.
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D.P. Dyer 1964: 44- 448 comments that someone‟s freedom is diminishing
when heshe is under control or intimidated or being forced to do something when heshe does not want to do:
Someone has complete freedom so far as he is not force to anything and not intimidated or preventing from doing anything is these two ways. Whether
intentionally or unintentionally, other may take it difficult for a person to certain things without subjecting him to intimidation or making it possible for
him to do them Dyer, 1964: 44-448.
In oppressed nations, political, social and cultural freedom is essential in order to build their own ideal democratic society which leads them to total liberation.
Without these three main cores of freedom these nation are still under colonial hegemony.
1. Political Freedom
Political freedom in postcolonial perspective is struggle for freedom of state and freedom of political ideology and justification of oppressed nation or indigenous
people challeng the colonizers political power of equal in political right for colonized people.
James L. Gibson 1993: 936-944 argues that political freedom means freedom of the state where individual or people can shape their society according to
the perspective of their ideology. Further, he adds that political freedom is the rights of individual citizen to perceive opportunity to express themselves in political
matters. Meanwhile, Bassam Irib 1984: 222-227 states that political freedom means free from foreign domination or imperialism and other external factors. Political
