Society Definition of Terms 1. Timorese

11 elements from the past to shape the future to reflections on the deprivations and sufferings of the people under colonial rule Amuta: 189. M eanwhile in The “Contract” in Netos Poetry, Bras, states the poetry of Neto is often perceived as one of combat, revolutionary verses which primary objective is to awaken the poet‟s compatriots and to help them become aware of their unenviable plight as a colonized people. Neto‟s Sacred Hope is a portrayal of oppressed classes and society, but Neto still believes in human will for self- determination: Neto‟s is poetry of hope. Although sacred Hope is essentially a study of the oppressed classes in an equally oppressed society and of the subjective conditions that create, or preclude the creation, of a revolutionary consciousness, the poet refuses to allow the often tragic realities of the moment to overwhelm his absolute trust in the human will for selfliberation Bras: 92. Brass also adds that Sacred Hope is also a reflection of Netos realizations that the end of War World II will have no positive impact on the Angolans. Young Angolan men will still continue to be forced to abandon their homes and their families to fulfil a contract to which they have not agreed. Furthermore, Arana 2008: 310 states that Neto‟s Sacred Hope is a portrayal of his own struggle against Portuguese Apartheid Regime and confronting western civilization towards Angolans which is portrayed in his poem Civilizacon Ocidental Western Civilization. Neto‟s poetry raises national consciousness to struggle against the Portuguese regime: Neto‟s Poetry and his life‟s struggle for national liberation and socialism are intertwined. He uses poetry to condemn colonialism and to persuade the poor of the need liberation. The Secret Hope is used to confront and oppose oppression and the unnamed Apartheid by Angola‟s Portuguese colonizers. 12 Netos poems tear down façade of civility and enlightenment to attack the violence and poverty underpinning western civilization and its colonial projects Arana: 310. Those studies on Neto‟s Antology The Sacred Hope above are mainly focus on how poets in oppressed nations use poetry as a vehicle or tool to fight against colonialism. This study is not only focuses on the Timorese struggle during Portuguese rule and Suharto‟s military regime in which poetry can be an outlet for speaking up in idea of freedom but poetry can be a way to portray concept of freedom. The main difference of this study on poetry from researchers Marques, Amuta, Brass, and Victoria Ana is that poetry not only instrument of struggle but also can main as source to portray concept of freedom in political, social, and cultural. Furthermore, the writer reveals poetry is a new form of expression, and a new frontier for individual and nations for liberty.

B. Review of Related Theories

This undergraduate thesis has three things as turning points: the struggle of the Timorese, the concept of freedom and postcolonial. Therefore, the undergraduate thesis needs theories on the three fields in order to answer the problem formulations.

1. Theory of Tone

Tone define as the writer‟s or the speaker‟s attitude toward his subject, his audience, or himself. It is the emotional meaning or emotional colouring of the poem. In his book, Sound and Sense: An Introduction to Poetry, Laurence Perrine