17 in the classroom that are categorized as a physical factor influencing a classroom
management success. Those four physical conditions are the classroom itself, the seating arrangement, the ventilating and lighting adjustment, and the stuffs
storage arrangement. 2
Socio-emotional Factor In contrary to the physical factor, the socio-emotional factor refers to the non-
physical conditions that affect the teaching and learning process, the students‟ motivation, and the effectiveness in reaching the learning goals. In this factor,
there are four aspects that are important . Those aspects are the teacher‟s
leadership, the teacher‟s behavior, the teacher‟s voice, and the teacher-student relationship in the classroom.
e. Specific Problems in Classroom Management
There are five specific problems in classroom management Risk, 1958. Those specific problems are: 1 handling attendance, 2 handling instructional
materials, 3 handling classroom activities, 4 regulations of physical conditions, and 5 improving working conditions. Therefore, here is a brief description of
each problem above: 1
Handling Attendance The term handling attendance refers to the administrative procedure and
requirement. For example, Risk 1958 says that the class should begin promptly with only little interference happening in the classroom when the class is started.
Furthermore, he also mentions that in case there is a student that wants to leave
18 the class early, that student should show the admit slip quickly at the beginning of
the class so that there is no interruption in the middle of a teaching process. 2
Handling Instructional Materials Ineffective handling instructional materials can cause a waste of valuable time
in the classroom. Teacher needs to decide what routine or procedure related to the activity of handling instructional materials considered to be effectively and
efficiently applied in the classroom. For instance, a teacher may assign his students to have a duty to distribute heavy materials like reference books or
workbooks. 3
Handling Classroom Activities One general principle of handling classroom activities is that teacher should
realize the fact that all classroom activities should be able to facilitate the teacher and the students to reach the learning objectives. The application of certain
routines is highlighted in this point. Certain routines are applied to prevent confusion and waste of time and effort in the classroom activities. The school bell
that signals the teacher to ask his students to be ready to work in their own seats is one of the examples of how teacher handles classroom activities.
4 Regulations of Physical Conditions
It is mentioned that the lighting, heating and ventilating facilities also affect the classroom condition. Teachers need to make sure that those facilities can work
well in order to help students learn. For instance, teachers need to consider the fact that students sitting near the window may have enough light to help them
learn in the class. However, students who sit in the middle of the class may not
19 get enough light so that teachers need to turn on the lights to help those students
learn without lighting problem. 5
Improving Working Conditions In this point, it is emphasized that teachers need to give their attention to
student practices or activities that may disrupt the effectiveness of classroom work. For example, a teacher needs to tell students that they are not allowed to
have unnecessary books, papers, or other materials that are not related to the subject matter on hand. If it is known that students truly need to bring those
things, teachers must ensure that those things are placed out of the way so that they do not disrupt classroom activities.
3. Research on Classroom Management
