Through this study, I am going to show a way of achieving students‘ writing
narrative text by applying the combination media and technique.
2.2 Review of Theoretical Study
This section will discuss several theories which related to the topic that including writing, narrative text, media, Cooperative Learning, and Action Research.
2.2.1 Writing
According to Meyers 2004:1 writing is a way to produce a language which you do naturally when you speak. Writing is not much different; except that you take
more time to think about your subject, the person, or people we will be discussing it with …‖ Writing is one way of conveying something to the others through texts
or writing. It becomes complicated because we need to pay attention on the rules, different from speaking skill.
In his book of Principle of Language Learning and Teaching, Brown 2000:335 also states that writing needs a process of thinking, drafting, and
revising that requires specialized skills, skills that not every speaker develop naturally. It means that students need a lot of practices to master writing skill in
order to produce a good text. Writing cannot be done in short times; it needs some stages in the process of writing. It is different from other skills which can be done
in short times. While Troia 2003 said that writing is one of the most complex literate
activities in which children and adults engage. Composing text entails dissemination and coordination of multiple cognitive and linguistic in order to
complete goals associated with genre-specific conventions, audience needs, communicative purposes. Because writing is one of the skills which have high
level difficulties than others, it needs more time and also strategies to develop it, especially for students in the lower level of education, such as in Elementary
school and Junior High School. Haynes and Zacarian 2010:90 also stated that writing is particularly a
challenging language domain for ELLs English Language Learners to master, perhaps due to the lack of intensity and intentionality that we devote to it. In
addition, learning to write involves being able to communicate and convey ideas meaningfully. In other words, someone learns how to combine both presenting
ideas and communicating through writing or texts. It also stated in Al-Jumaily p.29 that:
Writing is the process of using symbols to communicate ideas. Its a systemmethod of representing language in visual or tactile form. Writing
is the 4th language skill that learners need to work hard on to master. Its the mirror that reflectsshows ones knowledge about a language.
Bello 1997 in Al-Jumaily p.29 believes that writing enhances language acquisition as learners experiment with words, sentences, and large chunks of
writing to communicate their ideas effectively and reinforce the grammar and vocabulary they are learning in class.
From some definition of writing, we can conclude that writing is the way of communicating by using the series of sentences, paragraphs in a text. Writing is
focused on the importance of how people arrange their ideas in a text. In delivering purpose or aim in the form of written text, the writer should use the
proper and appropriate words to avoid misunderstanding with the readers.
2.2.2 The Importance of Writing
