Fugu, one of the most expensive fish dishes in Japan, is alse one of themost deadly. This phrase renames Fugu.
2.2.8.3 Sentence Construction Hogue 2003: 21-
25 cites: ―sentence is a group of words that has a subject and a verb and expresses a complete
thought.‖ These are the examples of sentences: a
They visit their grandma. b
It is cold today. c
Be careful These are not sentences:
a Different with her sisiter. There is no subject
b I afraid when I meet her. There is no verb.
2.2.8.3.1 Sentence Parts
According to Hogue 2003:22-23, a sentence has two main parts: a subject and a predicate. The subject is the noun or pronoun that names who or what the
sentence is about. The predicate is the verb and its objects, complements, and modifiers.
2.2.8.3.2 Sentence Patterns
There are various kinds of predicates create different sentence patterns. According to Hogue 2003:24-25, there are six basic sentence patterns in English.
Table 2.16 Pattern 1 Subject S
Predicate P Pattern 1
Subject Intransitive verb
Dogs Bark.
The baby is sleeping.
In the simplest pattern, there is only a subject and an intransitive verb. An intransitive verb is a verb that cannot have a direct object. The examples of
intransitive verbs are go, arrive, sleep, fall, and die. Table 2.17 Pattern 2
Subject Predicate
Pattern 2 Subject
Linking verb Subject
complement Our neighbour‘s cat Looks
Lonely.adjective Dogs
Are Social
animals. noun
In this pattern, the verb is a linking verb be, become, appear,seem, look, feel,taste, and smell. Linking verbs are followed by subject complements. Subject
complements complete the meaning of the subject by either describing it when they are adjectives or renaming it when they are nouns.
Table 2.18 Pattern 3 Subject
Predicate Pattern 3
Subject Transitive verb
Direct object Cats
Need attention.
We Visited
our aunt. In this pattern, the verb is transitive. Transitive verbs are followed by direct
objects. A direct object names the receiver of the verb‘s action. To find the direct object, make a question using Whom? or What? and the verb and subject.
Table 2.19 Pattern 4 Subject
Predicate Pattern 4
Subject Transitive
verb Direct object
Object complement
Our neighbours
Leave thier cat
alone. adjective Our
neighbours Named
their cat Mini. noun
In this pattern, there is an object complement which can be an adjective or a noun. Object complements complete the meaning of the direct object by either
describing it when they are adjectives or renaming it when they are nouns. Table 2.20 Pattern 5
Subject Predicate
Pattern 5 Subject
Transitive verb
Indirect object
Direct object They
should give Mini
more attention. They
Bought Her
a new leash.
In this pattern, there is a transitive verbs, an indirect, and a direct object. An indirect object names to whom or for whom the action was done. To find the
idirect objcet, ask a questions using Who? or Whatand the adverb and subject. To find the indirect object, ask a question using To Whom? or For Whom?
Table 2.21 Pattern 6 Subject
Predicate Pattern 6
There or It Verb usually be
Subject There
is not any hot water.
It Is
nice to meet you.
In this pattern, the subject comes after the verb. The words there or it are not the subjects; they are ―empty‖ words that fill the position where we usually find the
subject. In the first example, the real subject is any hot water. In the second example, the real subject is to meet you To meet you is nice.
2.2.8.3.3 Question Patterns
