In this pattern, there is an object complement which can be an adjective or a noun. Object complements complete the meaning of the direct object by either
describing it when they are adjectives or renaming it when they are nouns. Table 2.20 Pattern 5
Subject Predicate
Pattern 5 Subject
Transitive verb
Indirect object
Direct object They
should give Mini
more attention. They
Bought Her
a new leash.
In this pattern, there is a transitive verbs, an indirect, and a direct object. An indirect object names to whom or for whom the action was done. To find the
idirect objcet, ask a questions using Who? or Whatand the adverb and subject. To find the indirect object, ask a question using To Whom? or For Whom?
Table 2.21 Pattern 6 Subject
Predicate Pattern 6
There or It Verb usually be
Subject There
is not any hot water.
It Is
nice to meet you.
In this pattern, the subject comes after the verb. The words there or it are not the subjects; they are ―empty‖ words that fill the position where we usually find the
subject. In the first example, the real subject is any hot water. In the second example, the real subject is to meet you To meet you is nice.
2.2.8.3.3 Question Patterns
According to Hogue 2003:26, there are three kinds of question in English : yesnoquestion, information questions, and tag questions.
1 Yes No Question
Yes no questions are questions that can be answered yes or no. They begin with a verb.
For example : Is she your sister ?
Are you coming ? Does he know the answer?
Have you finished? Can your children swim? Etc.
2 Information Questions
Information questions ask for information and begin with a question word such as who,which, when, what, where, and how. Information questions are sometimes
called wh- questions. For example :
Who is she? When are you coming?
When were they? Which pencil did she take?
How old are you? Etc. 3
Tag Questions A tag questionis a statement with a ―tag‖ added at the end. We use ―tag‖ questions
in informal conversation. For Example : Positive statement + Negative
―tag‖ Negative statement + Positive
―tag‖
It‘s a wonderful day, + isn‘t it ? It is not hot, + is it?
You work hard, + don‘t you?
You don‘t come + do you? We came late + didn‘t we?
We didn‘t miss anything + did we? She will come on time + won‘t she?
He will not say anything + will he? Etc.
2.2.8.3.4 Kinds of Sentences
According to Hoghue 2003: 27, there are four kinds of sentences in English : simple sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences, and compound-
complex sentences. 1
Simple Sentences A simple sentence is one independent clause. For example :
Andi is the tallest student in my class. Independent clause
2 Compound Sentences
A compound sentence is two independent clauses connected in one of three ways. For example :
Mr. Hendri is the richest man in my hometown, but we seldom see him at home.
Independent clause Independent clause
Mr. Hendri is the richest man in my hometown; however,
Independent clause
we seldom see him at home. Independent clause
Mr. Hendri is the richest man in my hometown; we seldom see him at home.
Independent clause Independent clause
3 Complex Sentences
A complex sentence is one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. For example :
Safrina has many friends because she is a kind girl who likes helping everyone. Independent clause
dependent clause dependent clause
A man stole the old lady‘s wallet, which was sitting on a bench behind a tree.
Independent clause dependent clause
4 Compound – Complex Sentences
A compound – complex sentence has at least two independent clauses and at least
one dependent clause. For example :
A man stole the old lady‘s wallet, which was sitting on a bench behind a tree
Independent clause dependent clause
and the police are still looking for the man.
Independent clause
2.2.8.3.5 Subject-Verb agreement
