3.6.1 Validity
Validity referred to the precisely measurement of the test. There are three kinds of validity, they are: content validity, empirical validity, and face validity. Content
validity means the test reflects an analysis according to the views of recognizing in the skills area. Empirical validity depends on large part on the reliability of
both test and criterion measure. Face validity is the best way test looks whether it is irrelevant, silly, or inappropriate.
The main concern in this study is to deal with content validity. The tests given to the students were oral test in the form of measurement of the students’
achievement toward a certain skill, in this case was speaking. The tests were valid since it was made based on the standard competence
of the English curriculum for grade eight. We can see the validity from the compatibility between the test given and the curriculum below:
Table 3.2 Standard competence on speaking for grade eight . Mengungkapkan makna dalam percakapan transaksional to get things done
dan interpersonal bersosialisasi pendek sederhana dengan menggunakan ragam bahasa lisan secara akurat, lancar, dan berterima untuk berinteraksi dengan
lingkungan terdekat yang melibatkan tindak tutur: meminta, memberi persetujuan, merespon pernyataan, memberi perhatian terhadap pembicara, mengawali,
memperpanjang, dan menutup percakapan, serta mengawali, memperpanjang, dan menutup percakapan telepon
Table 3.3 Example of an item in pretest 1. Bintang and Raffi are classmates. Bintang tries to phone Raffi to ask him to
join an English Storytelling Competition on Sunday, March, 23rd at 8 a.m. The location is at SMPN 1 Jalan Merapi No.5. When she phones, Raffi is out.
Ana, Raffi’s sister, answers the phone.
Ana : Hello?
Bintang : Hello. ............................., please?
Ana : No, he’s out now.
Bintang : Can I ......................................, please?
Opening the conversation on the phone
Ana : Sure. What is it?
Bintang : ...............................................
Ana : ...............................................
Bintang : Thanks. Good bye.
Ana : Bye.
The test given to the students were about telephone conversation, so the tests were in line with the existing curriculum.
3.6.2 Reliability
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