3
RD
SPEAKER 1.
Rebuttal 2.
Summary of team case 3.
Summary of case 1.
Rebuttal 2.
Summary of team case
3. Summary of case
2.2.4.2 Order of Speakers Participants speak in order, alternating sides. The affirmative team speaks
first followed by first negative Quinn, 2005:5. The following diagram shows the order of speakers.
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
Figure 2.1 Order of Speakers Quinn, 2005:5
2.2.6 Terms in Debate
D‘Cruz 2003: 12 states that there are some terms that exist in debate, they are as follows:
1 Sides
FIRST AFFIRMATIVE SECOND NEGATIVE
SECOND AFFIRMATIVE REPLY NEGATIVE
FIRST NEGATIVE
REPLY AFFIRMATIVE THIRD NEGATIVE
THIRD AFFIRMATIVE
In each debate there are two sides, Affirmative and Negative. Each side will have four members. The Affirmative argues for the topic at hand e.g. ―Smoking
in the public area should be banned‖ and the Negative argues against the topic e.g.
―Smoking in the public area should not be banned‖. Each side will give the same number and type of speeches.
2 Adjudicator
The adjudicator adopts the role of an average reasonable person, who has the average reasonable person‘s knowledge of the topic but who, unlike the average
reasonable person, has expert knowledge of the rules of the debate. The adjudicator has three functions:
a. to decide which team has won the debate;
b. to provide an explanation of the reasons for the decision; and
c. to provide constructive feedback to the debaters.
3 Speech
An effectively structured speech will tend to have the following features: a.
an interesting, which captures audiences‘ attention and build rapport; b.
a clear statement of the purpose and general direction of the speech; c.
a logical sequence of ideas which is easy for the audience to follow; d.
prioritized arguments with time allocated according to their strategic importance; and
e. a conclusion or summary of the major points made in the speech.
A second aspect of a speake r‘s structure is the performance by each
speaker of certain duties. A summary of these duties is set out in the table below: Table 2.3
Summary of Speakers‘ Duty
SPEAKER DUTY
First affirmative speaker
Define the topic – set out affirmative‘s interpretation of
the topic – identify issues which will be in contention
Present team structure – team line – team split
Present arguments allocated to the first speaker
First negative speaker Identify major areas of initial disagreement with the
affirmative case – include any disagreement about the
definition – rebut the major affirmative arguments
Preset team structure – team line – team split
Present arguments allocated to the first speaker
Second speakers Identify the major areas of disagreement with the other
team – include definitional issues which are still in
contention – rebut major arguments
Defend own case against rebuttal by previous speaker s Present arguments allocated to second speaker
Third speakers Present an overview of the debate
– identify the essential issues upon which teams disagree
– rebut the important aspects of the opposing team‘s case – defend own team‘s
case against attack – summarize own case
Both affirmative and the negative teams have their own task in a debate. The affirmative must define the motion and support it by giving constructive
arguments. The right to define first and primary resides with the affirmative that is expected to propose a reasonable definition for the motion.
In contrast, the negative team side must oppose the motion and build a counter case against the government. In the event the negative side feels the
definition is invalid, they may challenge the definition and propose an alternative definition.
To determine the winner in debate, the adjudicators use Victory Points how many they won in the preliminaries, scores and margins the difference of
the score between the winner and the team which lost in round.
2.2.6 Australasian Debate Championship ADC and Java Overland Varsities English Debate JOVED
