quarter final, the semifinal, and the grand final applying tournament-power- matching system.
This competition is considered as a famous debate competition among high school students in Central Java. Thus, it can be counted as an exact object of
the research that represents high school debaters ‘ ability.
In the university level, JOVED is recognized as a prestigious competition joined by many universities. It is the first parliamentary debate in university level
in Indonesia. At first, it is named as All Java-Overland Intervarsity Debating Championships, and then it is changed to be JOVED. Starting from 1997, now
JOVED had been conducted annually in many cities. There are two phases in JOVED, as ADC. Preliminary phase uses power-matching system which based on
victory point, margin and score, while elimination phase uses knock-out system.
2.3 Theoretical Framework
In this study, I use some references to support my analysis on persuasive strategies used by debaters in ADC and JOVED 2014. According to Hart 1983
there are sixteen categorizations of persuasive strategies that can be used to analyze the debaters‘ speech. To analyze the data, I have to recognize the
characteristics of speech in debate, they are: 1
It is a one-way speech which means the adjudicators do not give any feedback during the speech. It is also impossible for adjudicators as
decision maker to do negotiation before speech performance.
2 Only speeches from the debater that influence the score. Background of
achievement, power, and credibility of the debaters are not counted as a factor to be the winner.
3 Committee has prevented bias between adjudicators and the debaters by
rechecking the conflict between them. In dealing with the characteristic of speech in debate, I choose persuasive
strategies proposed by Hart 1983 to analyze the data.
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CHAPTER III METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
In this part, I would like to write the method of this study. It consists of research design, the source of data, role of researcher, the technique of data collection, and
the procedure of analysis.
3.1 Research Design
To reach the objective of this study, which is to identify, describe and compare the persuasive strategies used by debaters, I conducted qualitative descriptive study.
The data are considered as qualitative data because they are in the form of words rather than numbers. Qualitative method uses inductive approach, which does not
use the hypothesis to be answered and only solve the actual problems. According to Sutopo 1988:39
, ―Qualitative study employs the inductive analysis which does not mean to support or to reject the hypothesis, unlike in the quantitative
study ‖. The data obtained were analyzed and then the analysis was formed
descriptively. In addition, the data of qualitative study can also be analyzed through simple statistical analysis in the form of ratio.
Based on this fact, most of analyses were consequently done with words too, by describing, interpreting, and comparing. The data analysis is
considered not in statistic data, since it is included into a description. Dabbs 1982 in Berg 1954 explains qualitative research as follows:
