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CHAPTER III METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
In this part, I would like to write the method of this study. It consists of research design, the source of data, role of researcher, the technique of data collection, and
the procedure of analysis.
3.1 Research Design
To reach the objective of this study, which is to identify, describe and compare the persuasive strategies used by debaters, I conducted qualitative descriptive study.
The data are considered as qualitative data because they are in the form of words rather than numbers. Qualitative method uses inductive approach, which does not
use the hypothesis to be answered and only solve the actual problems. According to Sutopo 1988:39
, ―Qualitative study employs the inductive analysis which does not mean to support or to reject the hypothesis, unlike in the quantitative
study ‖. The data obtained were analyzed and then the analysis was formed
descriptively. In addition, the data of qualitative study can also be analyzed through simple statistical analysis in the form of ratio.
Based on this fact, most of analyses were consequently done with words too, by describing, interpreting, and comparing. The data analysis is
considered not in statistic data, since it is included into a description. Dabbs 1982 in Berg 1954 explains qualitative research as follows:
The notion of quality is essential to the nature of things. On the other hand, quantity is elementally an amount of something. Quality refers to
what, how, when, and where of a thing-its essence and ambience. Qualitative research thus refers to the meanings, concepts, definitions,
characteristics, metaphors, symbols, and descriptions of things. In contrast, quantitative research refers to counts and measures of things.
Qualitative research does not focus on numerals or statistics but it gives attenti
on to how deep the researcher‘s knowledge is toward the interaction among concepts, which is being learnt.
According to Creswell 1994:145, qualitative research is descriptive when the researcher is interested in process, meaning, and understanding
gained through words or pictures. Audiotape of debaters can be classified into qualitative data because it points to the meaning and descriptions of things,
speeches of debaters. As Schwartz and Jacobs 1979 suggest, many of these elements are directly observable and as such may be viewed as objectives.
It can be concluded that the data involved in this research are displayed in the form of a stretch of words-again not numbers. Based on those grounds
might be somewhat adequate to be the basis to use descriptive study in this research.
3.2 The Source of Data
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