People will follow the lead of a credible knowledgeable expert in this social community. A lot of ways are recognized to show their authority.
For instance, people will manipulate their appearance to influence others and moderator will read the curriculum vitae of the speaker in order to let
audience acknowledge speaker‘s capability, so what he is saying is heard well.
E.g. It is able to persuade more the patients to comply with the recommended exercise program if they display the medical diplomas on
the wall. 6
Scarcity People want more of those things they can have less because they assume
that scare are more valuable. It is not enough to tell people the benefits they will gain if they choose the products or services. It also needs to
point out what is unique of the products and what they stand to lose. There are many occasions when buyers will compete for an apparently
scare item and drive the price up. E.g. Real estate developer, who tries to sell a house to hesitant buyer, will
occasionally call the buyer to inform that there is another buyer who has seen the house, liked that, and been scheduled to come back next day to
talk about the contract.
2.2.4 The Philosophy of Debate
In the scholastic system of education of the middle ages, disputations offered a formalized method of debate designed to uncover and establish truths in
theology and in sciences. Although debating in various forms has a long history and can be traced back to the philosophical debates of Ancient
Greece, modern forms of debating and the establishment of debating societies occurred during the age of enlightenment. According to Oxford
Advanced Learner‘s Dictionary, debate is defined as formal argument or discussion of question, e.g. at a public meeting or in Parliament or Congress,
with two or more opposing speakers, and often ending in a vote Hornby 1995:299. While in Encyclopedia Americana, Braden 1997:573 wrote that
debate is an argumentative process in which affirmative and negative advocates seek to gain a favorable decision on a formally stated preposition
or ‗motion‘. The term debating most typically refers to formal arguments over proposed laws or policy within lawmaking bodies, and to formal high school
or college activities in which two teams argue opposite position on stated issue. It is most typically conducted according to a set of procedure on a face-
to-face basis. Quinn 2005:1 has stated that everyone has debated and almost
everyone has debated more recently than they think. Debating gives the chance to meet new people and new ideas. Best of all, it gives the opportunity
to stand up and argue with someone in public, in a stimulating and organized dispute about real issues. Debate is not simply a form of expression. Rather, it
is a form of persuasion. The debater hopes to change minds. He hopes that listeners will come to see things in his way. It can produce consensus, and a
change understanding of what is right and best IDEA, 1999: 1.
Debate is about persuasion. Debating is not only about rules. People are persuaded by various means: rational and irrational, logical and illogical.
Persuasion may differ depending on cultural context and local customs D‘Cruz, 2003:3. Persuading people is changing people‘s opinion to agree
with our opinion. In a simple way, debate is a discussion between two sides, in which the first side speakers for and the other against the issue, or vice
versa.
2.2.5 System of Debate
