unit at a different rank in the target language. There can be a change from sentence to clause, phrase, word, and morpheme and vice versa.
Unit shifts found in the text involve the changes of ranks from lower rank into higher rank as well as from higher rank into lower rank. There are two
different unit shifts; upward and downward unit shifts. The writer finds out that the two types of unit shifts occur in this study. Unit shifts in The Adventures of
Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn and its Bahasa Indonesia translation found are upward unit shifts which are categorized into 1 word into phrases, 2 words into
clauses, 3 words into sentence, 4 phrases into clauses, and 5 phrase into sentence and 6 clauses into sentences and downward unit shifts which are
categorized into 1 clause into phrase, 2 clause into words, 3 sentences into clauses, 4 sentence into phrase, 5 sentence into words and 6 phrase into
words. A further explanation is discussed on the second section of this chapter.
2. How Unit Shifts Affect the Meaning Equivalence Between English-Bahasa
Subtitle of The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn.
Catford 1978:76 urges the translation shift is done to get the natural equivalent of the source text message into the target text. To produce a good
translation, a translator should be able to do adjustments either in meaning or structure to keep the meaning constant so that the messages can be conveyed
naturally and communicatively. This is known as degrees of meaning equivalence. Degrees of meaning equivalence in translation can be further categorized into:
equivalent meaning which consists of 1 complete meaning, 2 increased meaning, and 3 decreased meaning, and non-equivalent meaning which consists
of 1 different meaning and 2 no meaning. The two types of degrees of meaning equivalence occur in The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn and its
Bahasa Indonesia translation. Each category for each type also occurs in the translation.
Complete meaning occurs when the information of the SE is exactly transfered into the TE, without any changes of meaning. It can be implied that the
translator does not change both structure and meaning of the SE and TE. From the increased meanings, it can be implied that the translator attached some
information to the translation in order to deliver the message in a clear way so the reader of the target expression can get a better understanding of the message.
Increased meaning will help the messages transferable to the readers. When information in the source expression is not found in the target expression, it means
that the meaning is decreased. From the decreased meaning, the translator is trying to bring the translation as simple as possible. No meaning occurs when
translators eliminate all of the information found in the SE so that the TE loses all of the information content of the source language text. It is said that the translator
tries to give a clearer meaning in the TE to make the viewers understand completely. Different meaning occurs when translators change the information
contained in the source expression text by using words that have different meaning in the target expression text. The purpose is the same with no meaning.
