CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents place and time of study, method and research design of the study, population and sample, technique of collecting data, technique of
data analysis and statistical hypothesis.
A. Place and Time of the Study
The writer conducted the study on November-December 2015 and run for eight meetings, plus giving the pre-test in the beginning of the research,
implementing the technique, and giving the post-test in the end of the meeting. The study took place at SMP Puspita Bangsa Ciputat which is located at Aria
Putra no.9, Ciputat, Tangerang Selatan-Banten.
B. Method and Design of the Study 1. Method of the Study
This study was conducted using an experimental design, more specifically quasi experimental design. This research design is mostly used in social
science research. And because this study focused on education field included in social science research, the writer used quasi experimental design. Quasi
experimental was proposed to examine cause-and-effect relationships between crossword puzzle game and vocabulary mastery. The writer used two classes
of sample during this study which is included in one of quasi experimental characteristic as well. The writer selected two of three classes of the same
level through purposive technique sampling, because in quasi experimental design there is an absence of random randomization.
2. Design of the Study
Quasi experimental design is divided into several designs. In this study, the writer used non-equivalent comparison group design. By using
nonequivalent comparison group design, the writer did not randomly assign research units to experimental and controlled class. The writer set one of two
selected classes as experimental class which was used as treatment group and another as controlled class which was used as comparison group. Pre-test and
post-test observations were given to each condition. The determination of class used as experimental class and controlled class was not randomly selected. It was
based their teacher judgment. Then, the experimental class was treated by using crossword puzzle game while controlled class was treated without using
crossword puzzle game. Furthermore the post-tests were given. And the results of
pre-test and post-test in both the classes were compared. Table 3.1
Nonequivalent comparison group design
Where: � : Pretest of both experimental and controlled class.
� : Posttest of both experimental and controlled class. X: Implementation of teaching narrative text using mind mapping
technique.
1
C. Population and Sample 1. Population
The population of this study was the second grade students of Puspita Bangsa Junior High School. It consists of 99 students divided into 3
classes’ class 8.1, class 8.2 and class 8.3.
1
Larry B. Christensen, Experimental Methodology —Tenth Edition, New York: Pearson,
2006, p. 332.
Pre- response
measure Treatment
Post- response
measure Difference
Experimental class
� X
� � -�
Compare
Controlled class
� �
� -�
2. Sample
In choosing the sample, the writer used purposive sampling technique. The purposive sampling technique was determined by certain consideration. This
consideration was based on the teacher’s judgement. The teacher judged that class 8.1 has the highest score than the other two classes at the same grade
while class 8.2 and class 8.3 have almost same average score, so the writer selected 70 students of those classes
– class 8.2 and class 8.3 as the samples. After selecting the samples, the writer gave pre-test to class 8.2 and class
8.3. The result of pre-test shows that the students at class 8.3 got higher result that the students class 8.2. Moreover, the writer decided to treat class 8.2 with
crossword puzzle game and later we called it as experimental class. Meanwhile, class 8.3 will be treated without crossword puzzle game and later
we called it as controlled class.
D. Technique of Collecting Data
The technique of collecting data was done in order to achieve the goal of the study. The technique of collecting data was used in this study is filed research;
the writers came directly to the school to conduct the study to obtain accurate data. The research instrument that was used in this study is test instrument and
non-test instrument.
1. Test Instrument
Test instrument used to measure the result of students’ score in English
subject was objective test with the kind of question is multiple choices that consists of 25 questions. Each questions has one 1 point for the correct
answer and zero 0 point for the wrong answer. This test conducted in pre-test and post-test.
The pre-test for the students is carried out to get their score. The students were given a multiple choice test about vocabulary. This test did to know
students’ ability about vocabulary. The post-test was given in multiple choices also. This test did to know improving students’ ability in vocabulary after the
writer taught the vocabulary by using crossword puzzle game.
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