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Many writers give a definition to novel. Boundaries or definitions that they give are different because they use different viewpoints too. The definitions are:
1. The novel is the most popular form of literature in the world. This literary form most widely published and most widely circulated, because the community is
widespread in society Jakob Sumardjo Drs. 2. The novel is a literary form in which there are social cultural values, morals, and
education Dr. Nurhadi, Dr. Dawud, Dra. Yuni Pratama, M Ed, Dra. Abdul Roni, M. Pd.
3. The novel is a work of literature that has two elements, namely: intrinsic and extrinsic elements are related because both are very influential in the presence of
a literary work Drs. Rostamaji, M Ed, Agus Priantoro, S. Pd. 4. The novel is a prose literary works that have intrinsic elements Paul Tukam,
S.Pd.
2.2.1. Elements of Novel
Novel has two elements; there are intrinsic and extrinsic elements. The writer will explain about those elements.
1. Intrinsic elements
An Intrinsic element is a builder element of literature that can be found in the
literary text itself. There are intrinsic elements in novel. There are: 1. Theme
Idea, an idea, or main idea underlying a literary work is called theme. Or, the theme is something on which to base a story, something that animates the
story, or something that is the main problem in the story. Theme is the soul of the whole story. Therefore, the theme became the basis of the development of the
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whole story. Theme in many ways is binding the presence or absence of events, conflicts and circumstances, including the various other intrinsic
elements.
2. Plot
Plot is a series of events in the novel. Plot is divided into 2 parts; the plot forward progressive is if the event is gradually moving towards the
chronological order of the story line. While the backward flow flash back progressive is going to do with the ongoing events Paul Tukan, S.Pd.
3. Character
Character is an actor who takes on events so that the event can be a story; Character is the figure contained in the literature that has personality, values,
moral and mental. Character in a story should be described clearly. So what is people says, what is people do, what people thinks, and what is perceived must
be truly describing the nature of the characters. The main characters in the novel Lolita are as follows:
Humbert Humbert: He is white, handsome, educated man but Humbert
has a pedophile character, nomad, and tend to schizophrenia and paranoia too.
Lolita: she is a young girl, beautiful, childishness and innocent.
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4. Point of View
Point of View is the narrative point of view, how the story is told more specifically, who tells it. There are two distinctly different types of point of
view and each of those two types has two variations. o
In the First Person point of view, the story is told by a character within the story, a character using the first person pronoun, I . If the narrator is
the main character, the point of view is first person protagonist. If the narrator is a secondary character, the point of view is first person
observer. o
In the Third Person point of view, the story is not told by a character but by an invisible author, using the third person pronoun he, she, or it to
tell the story. If the third person narrator gives us the thoughts of characters then he is a third person omniscient all knowing narrator. If
the third person narrator only gives us information which could be recorded by a camera and microphone no thoughts, then he is a third
person dramatic narrator.
5. Setting
Setting is the natural, manufactured, political, cultural and temporal environment, including everything that characters know and own. The depiction
in the background there is a detailed story, some are not. Settings are the same as described in fact, some are a combination of reality with fantasy.
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o Setting of Place
Setting of place directs to the location where the events happened in a fiction. The use of this setting with certain name should reflect
geographical. The setting of place in a novel usually consists of several locations, and it will move from one place to another because there is a
development of plot and character. o
Setting of Time Setting of time related to the matter of when the events
happened in a fiction. The matter of when is usually connected with historical events. The setting cannot be separated from the place because
it is to relate each other. o
Setting of Society Social setting directs to the matters that are related to the behavior
of social life in certain time of a novel. It can be habits, tradition, religion, ideology, the way of thinking, etc. this setting is part of the whole setting
because there is a unity with another setting, such place and time.
As for the setting in this novel the narrator, Humbert, moves from Paris to New York shortly after World War 2 1947. They travel around from state to
state staying in various motels.
This thesis focuses on three intrinsic elements; there are character, setting and plot. Plot is a reflection of behavior or way the characters act, think, and behaves in
dealing with the problems of life Nurgyantoro, 2009: 114. Background is a concrete
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footing on the place and time of occurrence of the events experienced by the characters. And from Characters will know a character may be defined as a verbal representation of
human being which builds a novel. Through an analysis of the plot, setting, character, and point of view will reveal the underlying theme of a story.
2. Extrinsic Element
