The Analysis Of The Main Characters In Judith Cutler’s Novel “ Staying Power”

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THE ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN JUDITH

CUTLER’S NOVEL “

STAYING POWER”

A PAPER

BY

DEDY SUHARTO

REG. NO. 092202068

DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA

NOVEMBER 2012

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It has been proved by Supervisor,

NIP. 19580517 198503 1 003 Drs. Siamir Marulafau M.Hum

Submitted to Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera in partial fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA (D-III) in English

Approve by

Head of Diploma III Study Program,

NIP. 19251126 198112 1 001 Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A.

Approved by the Diploma III Study Program

Fuculty of Culture Studies, University North Sumatera As a Paper for the Diploma Examination

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I am, DEDY SUHARTO declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where the reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main of the paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed : ……… Date : ………

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : DEDY SUHARTO

Title of Paper : The Analysis Of The Main Characters In Judith Cutler’s Novel “ Staying Power”.

Qualification : D-III/ Ahli Madya Study Program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the librarian of the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Culture Studies USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under the law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed : ………

Date : ………...

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ABSTRAK

Novel adalah salah satu karangan prosa yang besifat cerita dan yang menceritakan suatu pengalaman, pemikiran, perasaan, gagasan, semangat, dan mengadung pesan tertentu kepada pembacanya.

Judith cutler adalah penulis terkenal dari Inggris yang telah menuliskan banyak novel kriminal,Salah satunya adalah staying power.Penulis memilih novel ini untuk dianalisis karena novel dari judith cutler ini adalah karya besar di kesusastraan Inggris. Novel karangan judith cutler ini menceitakan tentang Kate Power, seorang detektif pembunuhan. Pada perjalanan pulang dari liburan, dia bertemu Alan Grafton, yang mengekspor produk kulit Italia.Beberapa hari kemudian Kate melihat bahwa Alan telah ditemukan tergantung di jembatan, seorang korban bunuh diri. Apa yang Kate tidak bisa mengerti adalah mengapa orang yang begitu baik akan bunuh diri. Mungkinkah ia telah dibunuh? Efektif pencampuran upaya Kate untuk menyelesaikan kasus ini berbelit dengan tantangan lainnya secara pribadi dan profesional, Cutler membuat pembaca terlibat dalam cerita yang dikarang dengan baik sementara memberikan tampilan yang baik dan rinci.Dalam mengerjakan tulisan ini, metode yang di tempuh adalah studi kepustakaan dengan memanfaatkan buku-buku sebagai sumber yang relevan serta informasi dari internet.Sedangkan untuk menganalisis novel, penulis menerapkan pendekatan yang fokus pada analisis teks.

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ABSTRACT

The novel is one of prose that tells a story about experiences, thoughts, feelings, ideas, spirits, and contains a spesific message to the reader.

Judith Cutler is a famous writer from United Kingdom who has written many novels, one of which is Staying Power.The outhor chooses this novel to be analyzed because of Judith Cutler’s Novel is a masterpiece in English Literature. Judith Cutler’s Novel tells the story about Kate Power as detective . On her way home from a holiday, She meets Alan Grafton, who exports Italian leather products. A few days later Kate horrified to learn that Alan has been found hanging from a bridge, an apparent suicide victim. What Kate can’t understand is why someone so positive would kill himself. Could he has been murdered ? Effectively mixi9ng Kate’s attempts to solve this vexing case with her other personal and professional challenges, Cutler keeps readers involved in the well-crafted story while delivering nicely detailed look at cop-shop life.In working on this paper, the method pursued is the study of literature by using the books as relevant sources and information from the Internet. In analyzing the novel, the author applies an approach that focuses on text analysis.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

All honors and worship just for God, Allah SWT for blessing and giving me health, strength, patience and ease to accomplish this paper as one of the requirements to get Diploma III certificate from English Study Program ,Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara.

I would like to express a deep gratitude, love, appreciation, and thanks to  My parents, Darmon and M. Sitompul the best parents in the world. I love you

and thank you very much.

 My beloved siblings, Hendri Darma Tara, Agung Abriansyah,Yudi Mantara ,Lili Maharani ,Mandala Syahputra and Putri Handayani, thank you for all of your supports, prays, and loves.

 Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum. as my supervisor. Thank you for the valuable time in giving the correction and constructive critics in completing this paper.

 Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. as the Head of Diploma III English Study Program who gives me a lot of knowledge.

 Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A. as the Dean of Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara.

 All lectures in Diploma III English Study Program for giving me advices and knowledge.

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 My best friends, Dita Manurung (thank you for helping me to get solusion), Lida Tarigan, Nida Boreg ,Fajar Yulia (who always support me in everything), Novita Sianturi (always cheers me),The mad boys (Achmad Topek , Pao Riko , Danu Rizky, Rajendra Purba , Habibi , Suleman, Oki, Bungaran , Hasan and Usman ) thank you for the nice friendship during our study, I will be missing you all.

Finally, I do realize that this paper is still far from being perfect. Therefore, I welcome any constructive critics and suggestions towards this paper.

Medan, 2012

The Writer,

Dedy Suharto Reg. No. 092202068

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ... i

COPYRIGHT ... ii

ABSTRAK ... iii

ABSTRAC ... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vii

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Background of Study ... 1

1.2 The Problem of the Study ... 2

1.3 The Scope of the Study ... 2

1.4 The Purpose of the Study ... 3

1.5 Reason for choosing topic ... 3

1.6 Method of the study ... 3

1.7 Review of related literature ... 3

2. SUMMARY OF THE NOVEL 3. GENERAL RIMARKS 3.1 The definition of novel ... 11

3.2 Plot of the novel ... 12

3.3 Characters ... 13

3.4 Division of character ... 14

3.5 Main and peripheral character ... 15

3.6 Protagonist and antagonist character ... 15

3.7 Types of character:Round and Flat ... 16

3.8 Questions about the character in novel ... 17

4. THE ANALYSIS OF “ STAYING POWER” NOVEL 4.1 Kate power ... 21

4.2 Alan Grafton ... 23

4.3 Cary Grant ... 23

4.4 Graham Harvey ... 24

4.5 Howard Sanderson ... 25

5. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions ... 26

5.2 Suggestions ... 27

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BIOGRAPHY OF JUDITH CUTLER

Judith Cutler ( 1946 ) is an United Kingdom writer who writes for young adults. Judith Cutler born in 1946 in the Black Country,Cutler later moved to the birmingham suburb of Harborne.She started writing while at Oldbury Grammar School,winning the Critical Quarterly short story prize. She read English at university, but wrote nothing more until in her thirties. While suffering from Chickenpox,she started her first,unpublished, novel. Two furher unpublished works followed.

She tought English at a Further Education College in Birmingham, but quit after the publication of her first novel, and moved to the suburb of King Heath. For many years she was a trustee of City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra’s benevolent fund and on the Committee of Birmingham Chamber Music Society. Her partner is Keith Miles

Judith Cutler is a writer of crime fiction whose novels are mostly in three series: ten in the series about amateur sleuth and lecturer Sophie Rivers crime series as well as in this new novel; six about Detective sergeant Kate Power ,plus

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a forthchoming series with Caffy Tyler. Most are set in the present day,in or around Birmingham university and is Secretary of the Crime Writers’ Association.

She started writing while She was at the then Oldbury grammar School, Actually winning the Critical Quarterly Short Story prize with the second story She wrote. After that- nothing. She read English at university and got thoroughly blocked until I was in my thirties. Then an attack of chickenpox cougght from my son liad me low. One way of dealing with the otch was to hold a pencil in one hand, a block of paper in the other – and to start writing my first novel. This eventually appeared in a much revised version as Coming Alive , published by Severn house.

In addition to writing rejected novels, She was also teaching full-time at an inner –city further education college and producing short stories. These soon started to be broadcast on BBC Radio Four or appear in magazines such as ‘Bella’. And then – at long last – came the magic moment in May 1995, the first novel, Dying Fall, was published.Eventually She left the college where She worked for nearly thirty years. Even the heroine of Scar Tissue (Allison and Busby, 2004 ) is an ex-Brummie living in kent – though there, She hasten to say, the resemblance end.

However, at

distinguished writers as

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write short stories again. Despite the success these enjoyed, it took her some years to find a voice as a novelist. Cutler worked for many years at Matthew Boulton

CollegeDying

fall (1995), featuring lecturer Sophie Rivers, in a fictional further education college. The next four Dying novels also involve a college background. The most recent ones, Dying to score, Dying by degrees,Dying by the book and Dying in discord (May, 2002), all celebrate other aspects of Birmingham and Black Country life, using some real locations (Edgbaston Cricket Ground, the Birmingham and Midlands Institute, and the Soho Foundry).

After leaving Matthew Boulton College, Cutler taught creative writing at Birmingham University, and at a number of other locations, from a high security jail to a Greek island. She also became the secretary of the Crime Writers' Association. A new series developed, featuring a detective sergeant in the West Midlands Police, Kate Power. Power is a newcomer to Birmingham, so she sees it with a stranger's eyes - and still likes it. This series too mixes real with fictional locations, as do two romantic novels, Coming alive and Head over heels, both set in Devon.Although she is no longer based in the Midlands, Cutler will continue to feature the area whenever she can.

'Judith Cutler has created a memorable heroine and a clever tangle of murder with a modern edge that will chill the lover of "cosy crime" and entertain the readers of "noir". (Sherlock Holmes )

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ABSTRAK

Novel adalah salah satu karangan prosa yang besifat cerita dan yang menceritakan suatu pengalaman, pemikiran, perasaan, gagasan, semangat, dan mengadung pesan tertentu kepada pembacanya.

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ABSTRACT

The novel is one of prose that tells a story about experiences, thoughts, feelings, ideas, spirits, and contains a spesific message to the reader.

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1. The title of the paperwork is THE ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN JUDITH CUTLER’S NOVEL “STAYING POWER_”.

1.1Background of the study

Literature (from Latin litterae (plural); letter) is the art of written work, and is not confined to published sources (although, under some circumstances, unpublished sources can also be exempt). Roberts (1993: 1) says that literature also refers to compositions that tell stories, dramatize situations, express emotions, and analyze and advocate ideas. Before the invention of writing, literary works were necessarily spoken or sung, and were retained only as long as living people performed them. From the statement,it is concluded that there are 3 kinds of literature, namely: (1) novel (a work of prose fiction written in the narrative, usually in the form of stories), (2) drama (literature designed to be performed by actors who played works of art orally among the players (dialogue), (3) poetry (expresses a conversation or interchange that is grounded in the most deeply felt experiences of human beings)

Usually, those three are classed as imaginative literature. The genres of imaginative literature have much in common, but they also have distinguishing characteristics. Prose fiction, or narrative fiction, includes myths, parables, romances, novels, and short stories. The writer specially wants to analyze the novel. From the various types of imaginative literature,my choise falls on prose fiction, exactly on novel, which is a fictitiouss prose narrative of considerable

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length and complexity, portraying characters and presenting an organized sequence of events and scenes.

Some of novels are fiction and some based on true stories. Both of those not only entertain but also give meaning messages and impression to readers. Most people are concerned with ordinary people and their problems in the societies in which they find themselves(John peck and Martin Coyle sin their book Literary Term and critism,1998:102).

Judith Cutler is one of wonderful aothor. Staying Power is the most famous and the best novel. Most people in all over the world have read it, or heard a radio version of it, or seen it in the cinema or on television. The author is really creative so that messages of the story can be sent to the readers. I hope by discussing the novel, the young author who will be the next novelist can make the mutual story. I really hope that the novelist of Indonesia can wise the best novel to be sold

1.2 Problem of the study

The problem of the study is character’s in attitude found in novel Judith Cutler, which is wide later show whether it is bad or good. negative or positive that shown by their attitude in facing the problems.

1.3Scope of the study

There are so many aspects in this novel that can be described, but I become more interested in describing the characters concentrated on the main charater; Kate Power so, the scope of the study is limited only describing the main character based on Staying power’s Novel

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1.4Purpose of the Study

The purpose of writing this paper are :

1. To fulfill one of the requirements I for Diploma III English Study Program.

2. To introduce to the readers about the Judith Cutler’s novel Staying Power who have not read this novel

1.5Reason for Choosing Topic

The main reason to choose the topic is tell the novel .I want to introduce the novel to all of the readers that the novel really talks about detective murdering. I realize that it is important to discuss the novel, especially in discussing the main characters in the novel of Staying power.

1.6Method of the study

The writer finds the source of the whole passage in accordance with good writing in the library or on the internet. Finally, the writer combines the analysis result and arranged into a complete paper.

1.7Review of Related Literature

The word “novel” comes from the Italian, Novella, which means the new staff that small. The novel was originally developed in the region from other forms or narrative nonfiction, such as letters, biographies, and history. But with a shift in society and development time, the novel is not only based on data nonfiction, author of novel can change according to the desired imagination.

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R.J. Rees (1973:106) says that novel is a fictitious prose narrative of considerable length in which characters and action representative of real live are portrayed in a plot of more or less complexity.

Sumardjo (1998:29) says that novel is a story with the prose form in long shape, this long shape means the story including the complex plot, many characters and various setting.

A novel is a totality, a comprehensiveness that is artistic. As a totality, the novel has passages elements, most related to one another in close and mutually dependent. The elements of a novel-builder who then collectively form a totality that-in addition to the formal elements of language, there are many more kinds. The division of the element in question is the intrinsic and extrinsic elements.

Novel is narrative text informing of prose with a long shape that including some figures and fiction event. The intrinsic elements of novel are plot, setting, characterization, point of view, and theme.

1.7.1 The Theme

Theme, according to Stanton (1965:20) and Kenny (1966:88) is the meaning contained by a story. But there are many meanings conceived and offered by the story (the novel), then the problem is a special meaning which can be expressed as the theme.

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Theme is the main idea that the writer expresses. Theme can also be defined as the underlying meaning of the story. Theme is another prime element of literature, which contains the central idea of all literary forms such as a novel, drama and short story. It reflects innocence, experience, live, death, reality, fate, madness, sanity, love, society, individual, etc.

1.7.2 Plot

Stanton (1965:14), suggested the plot is a story that contains the sequence of events, but each incident is only connected in cause and effect, an event which caused or led to the occurance of events. Kenny (1966:14), promoted to the plot as the events shown in the story is not simple, because the author set the events based on the relation of cause and effect.

Plot is the serial arrangement of incidents, ideas or events. In literature, the plot encompasses all the incidents and provides aesthetic pleasure. The story of the novel progresses through various plots and conflicts.

Plot may be defined as a story’s sequence of incidents, arranged in dramatic order. One is tempted to insert the word “chronological.” But doing so would exclude many stories that depart from this strict ordering of events.

The plot is decided by three essential elements : events, conflict, and climax. 1.7.3 Characters

In fiction, a character may be defined as a verbal representation of a human being. Through action, speech, description, and commentary, authors portray character that are worth caring about, rooting for, and even loving, although there are also characters you may laugh at, dislike, or even hate.

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Characters may be flat, minor characters; or round and major. The main characters in a story is generally known as protagonist, the character who opposes him is antagonist. Character is revealed by how a character responds to conflict.

Character is the people in anovel are referred as characters. We asses them on the basic of what the author tells us about them and on the basic of what they do and say. Another point to remember is that the characters are part of broader pattern. They are members of a society, and the author distinctive view of who people relate to society will be reflected in the presentation of every character.

1.7.4 The Setting

Background elements can be divided into three main elements, namely a place, time, and social. Backgrounds on the location of the place suggest the occurance of the events recounted in a work of fiction. Elements may be used where the places with a certain name, initials, there may be certainn locations without exact name. Background of the time associated with the problem of “when” of events recounted in a work of fiction problem “when” is normally associated with the factual, the time to do or be associated with the historical events. Social background suggested on matters relating to the conduct of social life of the community in a place that is told.

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Understanding about point of view, Point of view suggest the way a story is told. It is the way and or views of the author used as means for presenting the characters, actions, background and events that make up the story in a work of fiction to the reader. Today the importance of perspective in works of fiction no longer chalenged. Viewpoint is considered as one of the important elements of fiction and decisive. The deviation angle of view is not just a matter of firts of third person, but rather a selection of characters who “She” or “I”, anyone who tells

it, kids, adults, the villagers who do not know anything, modern man, politicians, students, or other.

The point of view or narrative perspective, characterization the way in which a text present a person, event, and setting. The point of view discusses about who is telling story, or from which position the events are perceived. In general, point of view is differentiated into three kinds : first person point of view, third person point of view, and mixed point of view.

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2. SUMMARY OF THE NOVEL

Staying power tells about DS Kate Power Of Birmingham CID in London has been transferred after the death of her partner and lover. The heroine is depressed after the loss of her lover and lonely because she hasn’t made friends in her new location but when it comes to fighting crime,she doesn’t let her personal feelings get in the way .She is the highest-rangking female CID officer in Birmingham police force and has to deal with sexism and racism in the police department and how it is handled as well as insubordination.She has been on sick leave since injuring herself on a previous case. Returning from a holiday in florence,She meets Alan Grafton as her seat mate and starts a conversation with her,he is exhilarated because his trip was a success buying leather goods and clothing to sell to disributors.She gives him her business card and forgets all about him. Two days later she is called to a case of purported suicide. A man has been found hanging from a canal bridge-with Kate’s card in his pocket, , the man who’d sat in the plane seat next to her, swinging from a rope, his handsome new sweater and shoes dotted with his blood the only means of identification is Alan Grafton. Although the amorous pathologist, who wants to have sex with Kate astride a motorcycle, thinks it’s suicide, she opts for murder. An anonymous phone call from a terrified woman leads her to suspect civic nabob Howard Sanderson, who controls his wife Isobel’s every movement, locks up their son Nigel, and forces him to doctor purloined vitamin tablets so they look like Ecstasy. As if that weren’t enough to keep a girl busy, two of Kate’s fellow

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officers are hassling the newest female recruit; married DCI Graham Harvey, who owns a piece of her heart, is running hot and cold; her aged auntie is acting up in the nursing home; and the firm redoing her kitchen may be robbing her. If not for the support of gay Constable Colin Roper, Kate would be well and truly overwhelmed.

Kate is shocked to see that the dead man is Alan who was so excited over the money he expected to make on the goods.The easy conclusion for the investigating officers is suicide,but Kate isn’t conviced.As her subsequent investigations prove,the cause of Alan Grafton’s death-and it’s consequences-are more serious than she and her colleagues could have imagined. She is granted permission to find out if this was a murder made to look like a selftermination.She discovers that Alan was bankrupt thanks to a powerful business leader who used fraudulent means to achieve a line of credit for shell companies.To bring this man to justice,she has to have hard evidence because if he walks,Alan Grafton wife and son will be his next victims.

For even though she had been battling a cold and a congested ear, she's sure that Grafton, from the bits of conversation she could hear and remember, was the last person to take his own life. And so, with her boss's blessing, Kate starts doing a little digging, little realising the extent of human cruelty and frailty that she would unearth. Still regarded as a newcomer in the Birmingham police force, still battling against prejudice and intimidation among the ranks, still fighting to

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prove that she's got what it takes, Kate is determined to stick to her gun until she finally uncovers the shocking truth that make her don’t believe.

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3. GENERAL RIMARKS 3.1 The definition of novel

Rees (1973:106) says that novel is a fictitious prose narrative of considerable length in which characters and action representative of real live are portrayed in a plot of more or less complexity.

Intrinsic elements (intrinsic) are the elements that build the literary work itself. Elements are what because the literary presents as a work of Martial Arts. Intrinsic elements of a novel element (directly) participate and build the story.

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3.2 Plot of the novel

Perrine (1974:41) says that plot is the sequence of incident or events which the story is composed by and it may conclude what character says or thinks, as well as what he does, but it leaves out description and analysis and concentrate ordinarily on major happening.

Hartoko (1985:48) says that there are two types of plot. They are: 1. Flashback plot (mixed plot)

This technique is used by the author to display events in the past. 2. Flash-forward plot (progressive plot)

This technique is easier to understand by the reader because the author tells the story chronologically.

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3.3 Characters

Abram (1981:76) says that character is people who are appeared in a narrative prose or novel and it is interpreted by the readers as a person who has moral quality and certain tendency such as being expressed in what they say and what they do.

Martin Gray (1984 : 2 ) says that characteriztion is the way in which a writer creates his characters in a narrative, so as to attract or repel our sympathy. The varieties of characteriztion presented in literature are as numerous as those of the real people who surround us in the world;but different kinds of literature have certain conversation of characterization. Often in dealing with a literary character we learn more of his or her motives than we would ever expect to be certain of in real life; consistency of motivation seems a necessary fact in literary characterization

Protagonist is the central figure of the story . The word “protagonist” derives from the Greek protagonist,”one who plays the first part, chief actor.’’The term protagonist is defined to be either always synonymous with the term main

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character, or it is defined as a different concept, in which case a single character still may ( and usually will ) serve the function of both the protagonist and main character, or the functions may be split.

Character is the people in a novel are referred as characters. We asses them on the basic of what the author tells us about them and on the basic of what they do and say. Another point to remember is that the characters are part of broader pattern. They are members of a society, and the author distinctive view of who people relate to society will be reflected in the presentation of every character.

3.4 Division of charater

Based on the main role or the importance level, the characters in a story divided into two kinds. They are main characters and peripheral haracters. It also divided into two types based on character’s appearance. They are protagonist and antagonist charaters

3.5 Main and peripheral character

The main character are actors which appear the most in the story and always have connection with others actors. The main characters are the most dominant told in the story either do an action. Main characters really determine the development of plot. The main character in a novel could be more than one in the different major quality.

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Peripheral characters are the actors who have part in supporting the story. The presence of the peripheral characters in whole story is smaller.in other words, peripheral characters in the whole story are limited and they are usually only related to the main characters and it is called peripherel character often provide , support, and illuminate the protagonist.

3.6 Protagonist and Antagonist character

Protagonist is the figure of the story. The word “protagonist” derives from the Greek protagonist,” one who plays the first part, chief actor.’’ The term protagonist is defined to be either always synonymous with the term main charater, or it is defined concept, in which case a single charater still may ( and usually will ) serve the function of both the protagonist and main character, or the functions may be split.

An antagonist from Greek antagonist, “ opponent, competitor , rival” is a character or group , or, sometimes as institution of a happening who represents the opposition against which the protagonist must contend. In the classic style of the story where in the action consist of a hero fighting a villain, the antagonist is not always the villain, but simply those who oppose the main character.

3.7 Types of charaters : Round and Flat

The bristish novelist and critic E.M. Foster, in his critical work Aspects of the Novel, calls the two major types “ round “ and “flat”

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Round Charaters is a charaters who shows many diffrent face ; often presented in depth and with great detail. The basic treait of the round character is that they recognize, change with or adjust to circumstances. The round charater- usually the main figure in the a story- propit from experence and undergoes a change or alliteration, whih may be shown in (1) an actions , (2) the realization of the strenght and therefore the affirmation of previous decisions, (3) the acceptance of a new condition, or (4) the discovery of unrecognized truths

Because round they usually play major role in the story, round characters are often called the hero or heroine. Many main characters are anything but heroic, however and it is therefore preferable to use the more neutral word protagonist .The protagonist is central to the action, moves against an antagonist, and axhibits the abality to adopt to new circumstances. To the degree that around characters are both individual and sometimes unpredictable, and because they undergo change or growth, they are dynamic

Flat Charaters is a characters who usually has only one outstanding trait or feature. In contrast, flat characters do not grow . They remain the same because they may be stupid or insensitive or laking in knowlegde or insight, They end where they begin and are static, not dynamic. But, flat charater are not therefore worthless, for they usually highlight the development of the round characters. Usually, flat characters are minor, although not all minor charaters are necessarily flat.

Sometime flat characters, are prominent in certain types of literature, scuh as cowboys , police, and detective stories, where the focus is less on

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character than on performance. Such as character might be lively engaging, even though to perform recurring tasks like solving a crime, overcoming a villain, or a finding a treasure. The term stock character in these to the degree that stock characters have many common traits, they are representative of their class, or group. Such as characters with variations in names,ages, and sexes, have been constant in literature since the ancient Greek.

3.8 Questions about the characters in novel

According to Richard Gill in his book Mastering English Literature (1985 :97 ), it is important to recognize whether a character is round or flat, but we should not confuse this with another kind of question. An author can create in a full or limited way, but the range of the character is a diffrent consideration from what the character is like. We should, therefore, also think about how an aouthor creates the personality, or individuality , of a character. The best way in which we can approach thingking about the personality of a character is to ask questions about the character we meet in the novel. These questions should be about the ways in which an author can make a character, They are :

• Telling and showing

There are two very general questions we can ask . The first is : what do you tell about the character? Author need not tell their readers direcly about the personality of their character. They might show readers a number of things in and through the events of the story, but it is very rare to find characters who are

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entirerly created in this way. Most outhors use direct telling to convey something about their characters.

The second general question has already been hinted at: what do we show about the character ? When an author shown a reader something, it is done indirecly. Something about a harater can emerge from the way he or she speaks, reacts or thinks.

• How characters speak

In many novels the way a character speak is a show his/her own expression. The outhor frequently gives the characters personalities by making them repeat some certain words, use illustrations in their speech, talk a great deal or say very little, or speak in a very compliated or a quite simple manner.

• The appearance of charaters

In many novels it is important to ask : what does the outhor tell us about a character’s appearance? It is important to remenber that not all novelist do. It is, therefore, worth asking why some novelis a create detailed pictures when others do not. If there is a detailed picture, the novelist will be able to control a reader’s, but if there is not, the reader may fail to use his or her imagination.

When an outhor writes about the appearance of a character, he or she is usually telling or showing the reader something about the inner world of the character’s personality

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Another question to ask is about the appearance of a character of: how does the character dress? Some authors, however, make clothes a significant part of a character’s personality, important for the atmosphere of the book or essential to the development of the plot.

• The social standing of characters

If an outhor is interested in the relation between the diffrent classes within society, he or she is likely to streer the social standing of characters. You should remenber that not every outhor is interested in the working of society, and that those are will be interested in different societies and will have different attitudes towards them.

• The names of characters

It is useful to ask : Is there anything significant about a character’s name? Often the answer will be no, but there are novels in which the names suggest the nature of the character. The name is thus important for the meaning of the novel.

• The company of characters

It is important to appreciate what this question is driving at. It does not matter whether you know that a character is a member of a family or of larger group such as the workforce of a factory. What matters is how the outhor presents the character.

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The way in which a character is shown as acting or reacting is one of the the chief ways in which authors establish personality. An author can make everything a character is important. Even if the action is one that is normally thought of as slight, it can be made significant.

You must be prepared to find some characters action to be complex, because not every character reacts in same way everything they do and balance one action against another. Although charaters in novel are not real people, they can be as puzzling. Therefore, you should be prepared to find their action problematic

4.THE ANALYSIS OF “STAYING POWER” NOVEL

4.1Kate Power

Staying Power novel tells about how Kate Power who has an out of body experience and catches between life and death has to choose between a happy past and an unknowable future.

The main character is Kate Power. DS Kate Power confronts sexism, racism, spousal abuse, fraud, burglary, drug manufacture, and perhaps murder.

She was only just sick leave,for Goodness’ sake.The holiday in Florence had been to celebrate the return of her knee to normality.She’d injured it while she and her colleagues were raiding a house.It had also been something of an order from her boss:

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Make sure you come back fit,’Detective Inspector Cope had said.’Don’t want any passengers in my squad.’His bos,Graham harvey,had said much the same thing,though in kinder terms.’you’ve had a dreadful time this year,Kate.Go and get some sun and put some good food and goodwine inside you.Make sure that cousin of yours looks after you.’( Judith Cutler, P 2 )

Kate was hovering on the threshold of her great aunt’s nursing home room.Kate had long suspected that the old lady actually lip-read most of what was said.Persuading her to try a hearing-aid would be interesting ,to say the least.She had Cassie’s house as evidence,mcurse it as she might have done when it was at its appalling worst.What she’d have liked to say was that she’d always loved Cassie,and coming to see her was an unbelievable adventure.

“Oh, don’t bother me with that.She can look after herself.Always could.Never came to see me.Not like you.Coming to see me on train all by yourself,even when you were child.I appreciated that.I still do,’She added,gruffly, as if embarrassed by such an admission. ( Judith Cutler, P 18 )

Then, in the chapter four, it tells that the location where Alan Grafton killed details that looked trivial but might not be; burn those into the brain so that even the foulest, most repulsive damage to a fellow human couldn’t eradicate them

There’d been nothing gentle about his death.He’d not broken his neck,but strangled slowly,painfully. There were for some reason what looked like bloodstains on his sweter.She had to look more closely. Yes,there were deep slashes across it. Something very sharp-a stanley knife? The arms too. At least,the left one. The right wasn’t so bad.

The last indignity : death had relaxed his sphincters, evidence of his final frailty for all to see. ( Judith Cutler, P 33-34 )

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Kate felt her anger rising when she should meeting with her Boss Graham Harvey bacause a fuck about the word on the street, He talk about Alan grafton a good and decent man, and mud stick in this job it didn’t make her feel any better that she’d said exactly the same thing to him alrady. It seems to be stiking to me already.’ She said, keeping her voice level with an effort.’Without reason.”

It can be seen quoted below:

‘Didn’t you hear what we said yesterday? He knows Sanderson – and you people wanted to follow up Alan grafton’s bankruptcy. Full-stop.’ She let her voice rise to match Lizzie’s. ( Judith Cutler, P 157 )

4.2Alan Grafton

Alan Grafton is a youngish man in the next seat in the airplane. He is a designer leather in Florence and talk active person and a businessman he’d be in his mid-thirties,lightly build. He was indeed wearing a beautiful sweater and have wonderful trips anroad and buy all these lovely things, and sell them on to distributors. Who no doubt shove a huge mark-up on to them. He’d press another barley sugar on her, making an opportunity to talk about his plans.

‘ If this deal delivers what I hope it’II deliver, I shall move into silk scarves.Then designer clothes. It’s all question of the right outlets. And quality control. I’m going to have to be meticulous about quality control...’ ( Judith Cutler, P 3 )

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Alan Grafton was murdered in this novel swinging from a rope, his handsome new sweater and shoes dotted with his blood.

4.3Cary Grant

He was African-Caribbean, on the handsome side of good-looking and good typical English . He produced a large old-fashioned white linen square he businessman a friend Alan Grafton and know him

‘Hardly at all. I just sat next to him on the plane last Sunday afternoon. He was full of advice about my cold. We were going to do dinner sometime.’ ( Judith Cutler ,P 38 )

4.4Graham Harvey

He is Kate Power bos who always support her, Graham Harvey is four inches shorter than Cope, and four stones lighter, he managed to bring stillness into the room. He looked around him, for all the world like a school teacher bringing the class to order . He had the slight stoop of the teacher, too and a weariness about the eyes .He have a fan club in his office is Graham Harvey fan club: he was a man who could do not wrong and still be handsome and heroic. Kate couldn’t read harvey’s expression, not the bit that wasn’t anger.’ Harvey

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toward neveille, who was talking to a woman operating a video camera.He spoke to Kate over his shoulder

It can be seen quoted below:

‘Tell you what, take them down towards Brindley Place. It’s well away from us and all the stuff we’ve got to do.’ As he spoke , his eyes ranged over her face ( Judith Cutler ,P 35 )

He was a man for conversations or notes rarely anything as official as a memo almost agains Kate will, certainly agains her conscience, her finger reached for it, slid it forward till it was within reading range but still in the tray

It can be seen quoted below:

‘Subsequent to the course I have just attended, it has been decided that all non-European female personnel will be required to be experienced in the normal sexual practices of uncircumcised men.please let me have a list of dates when you are free from your normal duties and can undergo the appropriate training, which I will personally attend to. (Judith Cutler, P121 )

When Kate was a taken Harvey to the pubs used by the police he laughted, as she hoped he would because was placed Colin had recommended.not cosy Thirties’ living room and an Up-market cafe, with reading matter and he talk about the picture as if he knows who the artist is.

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4.5Howard Sanderson

There was a potted biography of each,one was black,two under eighteen, one in a gay partnership.There was a list of his business activeties- he seemed to be involved in some nine firms, what directorships and joint ownerships. He is a friend fatima the Graham Harvey wife, he is who killed Alan Grafton but he very powerfull with his money . There is just one thing he could do.’ She said Sanderson house is alive with surveillane equipment.Sanderson also seems to have a major stake in a questionable educational establishment,though despite bill’s best efford we can’t find anything downright illegal about it.

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5. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions

After having analyzed the desription of main characters in this paper, I come to conclusion that character is an important element in literature. It has a dominant part of literary work which determines the integrated of literature from beginning to the end.

Characters are fictitious living person who live as if they were real. They talk, have feelings and live together to fulfill their needs as individual and social living in a character or person, he or she has the quality of being person.

Staying Power contains one of the most stories in English Literature. I have mentioned above that Judith Cutler has written a number of novels. We can find some advantages by reading the novel like the value of daily life. Through the story we can search the solution of many problem.

I believe that it is still difficult for me to understand English novel, but by hard efforts, I have been able to finish this paper as one of the requirement to acquire English D-III certificate at University Of Sumatra Utara. Therefore for those who want to analyze literary works, They must work hard and have efforts in understanding a literature work.

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5.2 Suggestions

After analyzing Staying Power novel, I would hope that the readers can more clearly understand about the characters in this novel and who has not read the novel will set interested.

This paper also can be as a guide to other students in analyzing other literary works especially novel. I would hope that other students can analyze Staying Power novel from other elements of literary works, such as theme, plot,setting, point of view , and especially characteriztion. It is also valuable to improve and intensify our ability in learning English. This study could at last become guidance for further study about other elements of literature.

And I want to add that this novel consist of positive message to the reader. In family we must understand of love each other and believe to what they have done.

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6.REFERENCES

Gill, Richard, 1985. Mastering English literature, Houndmills, Basingtoke, Hampshire and London : Macmillan Education Limited.

Foster, E.M, 1979. Aspects of the Novel. Arnold: Penguin.

Minderop, Albertine, 2005. Metode Karakterisasi Telaah Fiksi. Beirut : Longman Group Limited.

Burn, Robert B. 1994. Introduction to Research Methods. Jakarta : PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama

Rees, R.J, 1973 . English Literature . Hongkong : The Macmillan Press Limited Peck, John and Martin Coyle, 1986. Literature Term and Critism.Beirut:Longman

Group Limited.

Cutler,Judith . 1999 . Staying Power . Great Britain : Hodder and Stoughton . Taylor,Richard, 1981 . Understanding the Element of Literature. Hongkong : The

Macmillan Company.

Whitla, William, 1934 . The English handbook : A guide to Literary studies. British Library.

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Alan Grafton was murdered in this novel swinging from a rope, his handsome new sweater and shoes dotted with his blood.

4.3Cary Grant

He was African-Caribbean, on the handsome side of good-looking and good typical English . He produced a large old-fashioned white linen square he businessman a friend Alan Grafton and know him

‘Hardly at all. I just sat next to him on the plane last Sunday afternoon. He was full of advice about my cold. We were going to do dinner sometime.’ ( Judith Cutler ,P 38 )

4.4Graham Harvey

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toward neveille, who was talking to a woman operating a video camera.He spoke to Kate over his shoulder

It can be seen quoted below:

‘Tell you what, take them down towards Brindley Place. It’s well away from us and all the stuff we’ve got to do.’ As he spoke , his eyes ranged over her face ( Judith Cutler ,P 35 )

It can be seen quoted below:

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4.5Howard Sanderson

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5. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions

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5.2 Suggestions

After analyzing Staying Power novel, I would hope that the readers can more clearly understand about the characters in this novel and who has not read the novel will set interested.

And I want to add that this novel consist of positive message to the reader. In family we must understand of love each other and believe to what they have done.

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6.REFERENCES

Gill, Richard, 1985. Mastering English literature, Houndmills, Basingtoke, Hampshire and London : Macmillan Education Limited.

Foster, E.M, 1979. Aspects of the Novel. Arnold: Penguin.

Minderop, Albertine, 2005. Metode Karakterisasi Telaah Fiksi. Beirut : Longman Group Limited.

Burn, Robert B. 1994. Introduction to Research Methods. Jakarta : PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama

Rees, R.J, 1973 . English Literature . Hongkong : The Macmillan Press Limited Peck, John and Martin Coyle, 1986. Literature Term and Critism.Beirut:Longman

Group Limited.

Cutler,Judith . 1999 . Staying Power . Great Britain : Hodder and Stoughton . Taylor,Richard, 1981 . Understanding the Element of Literature. Hongkong : The

Macmillan Company.

Whitla, William, 1934 . The English handbook : A guide to Literary studies. British Library.

The Analysis Of The Main Characters In Judith Cutler’s Novel “ Staying Power”