System of Judgement System of Appreciation

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3.6.1.2 System of Judgement

System of judgment is the second alternative resource to realize the system of attitude. Following the steps of analysis described in the previous sub-section, the analysis of the system of judgment can be presented as follows see Table 3.3. Table 3.4 Analysis of the Text Based on the System of Judgment No Chunks Analysis Target 1 but the conflict for ordinary Iraqis never ended in March 1991 following Iraqs defeat and exit from Kuwait. Positive judgement, Normality: fate Iraqis 2 With the Iraqi army disbanded and the police poorly-trained and equipped, Negative judgement, Capacity. The police Under judgment, it is also important to identify where some value of judgment is, at least potentially, activated in the text White, 2001. Where possible it is necessary to indicate whether the judgment is: a. inscribed an explicitly judgmental wording, b. provoked no explicit judgment wordings but other evaluating elements direct the reader to a judgment, or c. evoked a purely ‘factual’ description which, nonetheless, is likely to lead to some inference of good or bad, praiseworthy or blameworthy, appropriate or inappropriate behaviour. 46

3.6.1.3 System of Appreciation

The last resource for realizing attitude is the system of appreciation. Following the steps of analysis described in the previous analysis Table 3.1 the analysis of the system of appreciation can be presented as follows see Table 3.4. Table 3.5 Analysis of the Text Based on the System of Appreciation No Chunks Analysis Target 1 Five years ago, Iraqis watched in 1 horror as the city they called Baghdad the 2 beautiful was bombed. 1 Negative appreciation, reaction- quality. 2 Positive appreciation, reaction- quality. Baghdad 2 Behind the plumes of smoke, George Bush, the US president, promised the world that he was pursuing regime change to unseat the dictator Saddam Hussein who had weapons of mass destruction and was linked to al- Qaeda. Negative appreciation, reaction- quality. The destruction 3 The US president also promised Iraqis a new era of 1 peace, 2 prosperity, 3 liberty and 4 freedom. 1 2 Positive 3 appreciation, 4 reaction-quality Iraq’s a new era 4 Successive investigations into pre-war intelligence claims have revealed that Iraq had neither the capacity nor the capability to produce weapons of mass destruction. Positive appreciation, reaction- quality. The investigations 5 David Kay, a US weapons expert and chief of the team searching for the illicit weapons, found no such activities. Negative appreciation, reaction- quality. The weapons 6 the notion that Saddam Hussein posed an imminent threat to the West also 1 Negative appreciation, reaction- quality. The threat 47 crumbled. 7 They would endure 12 years of punitive sanctions which the UN estimates killed nearly 1.7 million Iraqis. Negative appreciation, reaction-impact. The sanctions 8 Iraqis would witness the severity of the wanton violence that sectarianism would create. Negative appreciation, reaction-impact. The violence No Chunks Analysis Target 9 And for the first time in Iraqs history, Islamic fanaticism would rear ugly head thanks to the constant stream of terrorists pouring across Iraqs poorly defended borders from countries known to be US allies. 1 Negative appreciation, reaction-impact. 2 Negative appreciation, reaction- quality. 1 The head thanks 2 The Iraqs defended borders 10 In the early days of the planning for the Iraq war there was one significant factor that the US government overlooked - planning for the post-war period. Positive appreciation, valuation. The factor that the US government overlooked

3.6.2 Analysis of the Text Based on the System of Amplification

It has been clearly illustrated in the system network of appraisal in Chapter II that there are two kinds of resources for amplification of attitude Martin and Rose, 2003. They are termed force and focus. Force is used to raise or lower the degree of a writer’s evaluation, while focus is used to sharpen or soften it. Either of these two resources may be used to amplify attitudes – affect, judgment, and appreciation. From the part of the text taken as the sample analysis it is apparent that the writer amplifies the attitude realised in the text mostly by means of force activated through the use of intensifiers and attitudinal lexis. Some clauses below can be taken as the examples: