This can be done by direct comment by the author, though the person’s thoughts, through his conversation or through the medium of another
person. e. Conversation of others
The author can also give us clue to a person’s character through the conversations of other people and the things they say about him. People do
talk about other people and the things they say often give as a clue to the character of the person spoken about.
f. Reactions
The author can also give us a clue to a person’s character by letting us know how that person reacts to various situations and events.
g. Direct comment The author can describe or comment on a person’s character directly.
h. Thoughts The author can give us direct knowledge of what a person is thinking
about. In this respect he is able to do what we cannot do in real life. He can tell us what different people are thinking. In the novel we accept this.
The reader then is in a privileged position; he has, as it were, a secret listening device plugged in to the inmost thoughts of a person in a novel.
i. Mannerisms
The author can describe a person’s mannerisms, habits or idiosyncrasies which may also tell us something about his character 1972:161-173.
2. Theory of Existence
Existence according to Williams is “a specifically human quality, as distinct from other things and creatures which may be said to exist. Existence is
again contrasted with essence, but the major and minor signs are as it were transvalued. Where a definition of essence in the sense of something fundamental
or intrinsic is still required, it is derived from the qualities of existence, that is of actual being 1983:124”. It is also stated that “existence also acquired the sense
of continuity of being 1983:123”. It is also written that according to Anne Soukhanov, existence is “the fact
or state of existing; being 1996:642”.
3. Theory of Struggle
Problems will always happen in people’s life when they live their life. Sometimes their problems might be easy and sometimes they are not. People will
have various ways to struggle to face their problems in their life. According to Abate, struggle is the situation which people make some determine efforts under
their difficulties and make some efforts to keep struggling in dealing toward problems which emerging in life Abate, 1996:1514. Another explanation, Anne
Soukhanov stated that, “struggle is to be strenuously engaged with the problems or an undertaking, to progress with difficulty 1996:1782”.
C. Theoretical Framework
There are some theories to help the writer answer the two problem formulations. The first theory that is theory of character and characterization
which is used to answer the first problem formulation and to help the writer analyze the main character’s characteristics in the novel who is Katniss Everdeen.
Then, the second and third theory those are theory of existence and theory of struggle are used to answer the second problem formulation. At first the writer
tried to find Katniss’s problems in her life, then her struggle against her problems. After that, to find out the existence of Katniss Everdeen, the writer tried to relate
how Katniss’s characteristics influence her in showing her existence.
