Review of Related Studies

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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW

This chapter consists of three parts. The first is review of related studies. This review contains the previous essay and article which relate with the kinds of violations of conversational maxims in creating humour. The second is review of related theories. This review contains the theories that needed to analyse the kinds of violations of conversational maxims and how their effect in creating the humorous situation in The Thin Blue Line Season 1 Episode 3: Honey Trap. The third is review of the theoretical framework. This review describes how the theories are applied in order to analyse this thesis.

A. Review of Related Studies

The review of related theories is taken from two previous study. The first is from Yenny Susanti entitled “A Semantic Analysis on Punch Lines in English Jokes ”. In her study, Yenny observes the semantic components can explain the point of laughter in the jokes. She wants to analyze why a joke can be so funny. In order to understand, she needs to know the meaning of the language used. Then, she usesSemantics which explain about the meaning of the language. This component is used as the basic theory to analyze her study. In this study, she gathers 100 jokes from a lot of different sources, such as internet, books on jokes, books on anecdotes and Reader’s Digest Magazine. These sources are analyzed in this thesis to describe the linguistic segments found in jokes. In this theory, she has several results based on her problem formulation. The first is shefinds three components that make the laughter come. They are lexical ambiguity, structural ambiguity, and the violation of the maxim of conversations. The second is she explains how these components show the point of the laughter. Here, it is explained that the lexical ambiguity happens when two or more sentences contain one or more ambiguous words. Lexical ambiguity is divided in three parts: homophone, homonyme, and polyseme ambiguity. Lexical ambiguity also happens because of certain conditions, like the unknown of a word, the unknown of a name or something, the formation of word based on the previous rule, and the twist of the formula of a word. Besides, structural ambiguity happens as a result of two or more structures underlying the same strings of words. This structural ambiguity happens because the structure of the sentence shows more than one meaning. The last is the violation of the maxim of conversation which is the action of violating the rules of conversational conventions. This violation causes the incongruent meaning in the conversation which elicits the joke. The second is from Laura Kalliomäki entitled Ink and Capability: Verbal Humour in Tv-series Blackadder a Pragmatic and Rhetorical Analysis. In this study, Kalliomäki analyzed a more general analysis of verbal humour in a TV- sitcom through two separate viewpoints: a pragmatic and a rhetorical one. In pragmatics’ view, Kalliomäki assumes the verbal humour violates Grice’s cooperative principle Quality, Quantity, Relation, and Manner. In rhetorical analysis, Kalliomäki sees if humour in the data has been achieved by using the rhetorical techniques of humour compiled by Berger. The data is taken from the TV-series Blackadder, consisted of all 24 episodes. In doing her analysis, Kalliomäki first analyzes the dialogues in this TV- series through the maxims of violation. The result is all the maxims were violated in this series to create humour, but the violations of the maxims of Quality and Manner were the most frequent ones. The maxim of quality is mostly violated in the dialogues by saying something that was not true, in other words by exaggerating, by using irony or repartee, by absurdities or simply by lying; based on the rhetorical techniques. The maxim of manner is violated the most by insults, repartee, and absurdities. The maxims of quantity and relevance are not violated frequently and there are a number of difficulties in the detection of the violations of these maxims. Then, Kalliomäki uses the rhetorical techniques to analyse how the humour is created through the maxim of violation. The result is mostly humour created by repartee, absurdity, insults, and mistakes. However, the study that is done is different from the previous studies by Yenny Susanti and Laura Kalliomäki. In this thesis, the writer more focuses on the contribution of conversational maxims of the cooperative principle which cause the humour in The Thin Blue Line Season 1 Episode 3: Honey Trap. This thesis explains how violating maxims of cooperation quantity, quality, relation, and manner can create humour in the speakers’ utterance in The Thin Blue Line Season 1 Episode 3: Honey Trap. Besides, the object of study in this thesis is different from two previous thesis. The object is taken from TV-SitcomThe Thin Blue Line Season1 Episode 3: Honey Trap.

A. Review of Related Theories