Review of Related Backgrounds

her study, but she ended up in Moore River Settlement. According to the website www.noongarculture.org.au, Moore River Settlement was designed to be a self supporting farming settlement and planned to provide schooling, employment, and also health facilities, but during 1920s it changed from farming to the interment for aborigine people. It also stated that “Children of ‘mixed decent’ or what was termed ‘half-castle’ aboriginal people, were brought there to be trained as domestic servants for white society” www.noongarculture.org.aumoora. Alice was not the only victim of this movement, many aborigine children were taken from their family at that time. In Moore River, Alice stayed in a dormitory which had very strict rules that sometimes oppressed her freedom. In there she was given a training to work. In her childhood, she was sent to some family to work there until she got older and went back to the settlement. She got married in 1932, right after she went back to the settlement. In history, 1930s era was a difficult time for people in Australia, it called “The Great Depression”. According to the website www.australia.gov.au, this event gave terrible impact to Australian society, people at that time did not have a steady job and income. The main cause of the Great Depression is not completely solved, the website states “Although the collapse of the New York Stock Exchange determined its timing there were several factors involved: A fall in export prices and sales, a fall in overseas loans leading to a reduction in government capital spending, and a fall in residential co nstruction”www.australia.gov.auabout-australiaaustralian- storygreat-depression. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI By that time, Alice kept travelling with her husband to one place to another place to find a job and raise their children. During their lifetime, they raised ten children. 2. Patriarchy in the Australian Aborigines Society Patriarchy is a system which dominates by the men. They have an authority which oppresses women Humm, 1995:200. This research makes Patriarchy as one of the main concern since the researcher wants to reveal about the patriarchy that occurs in the novel When The Pelican Laughed which take place in the Australian Aborigines Society. According to Sandra Bloodworth in her article on the website, she mentioned about the proof that she got from the observations of the Europeans in nineteenth century regarding the degraded of Aboriginal women. The Aboriginal woman described as the one that cruelly beaten and torture if she does not obey the man. The woman should work all day, mind the children, carry all the family belongings when travel, and also there is a fact that marriages are arranged for the girls in Aborigines society at a very young age or even before birth www.anu.edu.aupolscimarxinterventionsgender.htm.

D. Theoretical Framework

This thesis studies the novel by Alice Nannup entitled When The Pelican Laughed. The researcher focuses on the woman main characters in the story, Ngulyi Alice’s mother and Alice herself. The researcher analyzes the characters from their characteristics, social experiences, and responses to the treatments from their society. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI The c haracterization theories are really needed to discover Alice’s life that she had experienced. Those theories are not only used to find out the characteristic of the character but also the treatments from other elements in her environment, her life experience, her struggle to face the pressure, her suffers, and so on. These theories can be helpful to answer the first problem formulation and even the second problem formulation. Since this study focuses on the female or women characters, the feminism theory is really helpful to determine what Alice as the female character do which reflect and show the idea of feminism as our concern. We need to find out the value of women itself and what movements are done by Alice when she faces her life and some pressures from her environment. And we can find out what men do to limit women movement and their rights, and dominate over the women, we can call it as patriarchy . In this story, of course we concern to Alice’s society, we can find out what her society especially the men give to her, everything that maybe limit Alice movement. This theory is really helpful to bring the idea of feminism closer to us and answer both problem formulations.