based on the main character inside the data. The last step was to relating between the interpretation of story and existentialism. In this study, the theories used were
existentialism theory and theory of character. Kenney 1966 mentioned about steps of analysing novel. First, there should
be identification of novel. The second is analysing the element of novel. Last step is found out the unity of novel.
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CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE, CONCEPTS, AND THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Literature Review
Literature review is the aspect of study to know about the previous study by finding, comparing and learning from the errors. The first literature is Feminism
Literary Criticism in Novel Imra’ Ah ‘Inda Nuqthah Al-Shifr Karya Nawal Al- Saadawi Ummah: 2009. This paper explains about literary criticism through
feminism ideology. The strength of this paper is information and fact about feminism. The weakness is lack of connection between the story and feminism. The relevance of
the paper with this study is both based on sociology study. The second paper reviewed was by Agustini in 2012 She give the description
of main character in feminism aspect through paper Feminism Portrayed In The Main Character, Celie, In Walker’s The Color Purple. The strength of her work is giving a
lot of explanation in the book based on feminism. The weakness is less concepts about feminism. The paper is relevance because it was based on main character.
The third paper was The Analogic Qualities of John Gardner’s Grendel
Explores The Novel Grendel which represent atheistic existentialism idea by Swanson 2009. The strength is located vast explanation in connecting the story with
existentialism. The weakness of this work is no explanation about concept of existentialism. The similarity to this study is relating existentialism to literature.
An international journal is also reviewed in the study. The journal review was Existentialism in Two Plays of Jean-Paul Sartre Mart: 2012. This journal has
strength on explanation and strong concept in existentialism. The weakness is lack of literature example from the two plays of Jean-Paul Sartre. The similarity of this study
is the main topic about existentialism related to the literature. There are some similarity and difference from the previous study. The
similarity is the study based on ideology. The differences are the data source and the theory. This research took the data from novel by Franz Kafka The Trial. The theory
from the previous study is feminism and the paper uses existentialism. The theories used in this paper are theory of existentialism and theory of character.
2.2 Concept
2.2.1 Concept of Novel
Novel is a form of written literature. It is one of extended fictional prose narrative. The word novel came from Italian word “Novella”. It is used to describe a
popular story during medieval period. Novels started expanding in 18th century because of demand from the middle class. More people were able to read and buy
literature.
