existentialism flourished Europe. Exitentialism was reaction against bad act of humanity using religion symbol. It was a revolt and resistance to church. In the rising
it is signifies a conjuncture between the region and unusual degree dominance of ideology. Historical events like devastation of World War I, economic collapse in
1920’s and 1930’s, and the horor of World War II gave disatissfaction and raised existentialism much further. This philosophy
finally reached it peak in the 1940’s. Existentialism does not have vivid philosophy standing and part of contrast
idea of concept. It come from scholars and writers like Jean Paul Sartre 1905- 1980, Friedrich Nietzsche 1884-1900, Albert Camus 1913- 1960, Martin Heidegeer
1889-1976 and Simone de Beauvoir 1908- 1986. Søren Kierkegaard 1813- 1855 is considered to be the first existentialist philosopher. Sartre and Camus contributed
in the literature through novelist and play. Both influenced literature with existentialism.
Existentialism is the opposite of Transcendentalism. It is a philosophical doctrine about freedom of human being based on choice. There is no absolute value
outside the man itself. Meanwhile, transcendentalism adopted a connection with spiritual doctrine. Trancendentalism believed that community corrupted an
individual. This philosophy believed an individual is at their best when they were independent and rely on themselves. While both pholosophy believe in one man
himself, it was based on different reason.
2.3 Theoretical Framework
The theories are used in this paper are theory of literature and theory of existentialism. Literary criticism use applicant of theory of literature to know the
elements building the story. The elements will help interpretation of story and relating it to existentialism literary criticism.
2.3.1 Theory of Existentialism
Existentialism is a philosophy about individual existence, freedom and choice. It is concerned about the meaning of life and finding self through free will, choice,
and personal responsibility. Existentialism’s belief is about identity search based on choice, experience and outlook. A person is free to choose but has responsibilities of
their choice. This theory is cited from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy by Douglas Burnham and George Papandreopoulos. There are several common concepts
related to existentialism; 2.3.1.1 Philosophy As A Way of Life
In existentialism, philosophy becomes a part of human life. It is not something to be investigated or understand. This point is usually made by Sartre.
There are several ways to manifest philosophy as the way of life. First, the existentialist undertakes a critique in modern life in term of any specialisation labour,
included philosophy. Second is immanence where people study philosophy from inside. It is essential to recognize human existence. The example is the representation
of experience. This experience is not an idea, proposision or symbol. In existence, it has to be acted, felt and lived. Third, the idea of life is an eternal concern for
existentialist together with the death. 2.3.1.2
Anxiety and Authenticity Human have their own existence which is recognized through anxiety.
Kierkegaard 2005 states anxiety has two implications. First is about emotion or feeling is less related to an individual or separated existence. Second is anxiety as
form of existence of its own. This means feeling anxiety of the existence itself. The feeling of anxiety gives a possibility of practical self- identification. This means that
uniqueness and characteristic of human existence is hard to understand in terms of other kinds of existence Heidegger and Sartre. Meanwhile, authenticity is someone
true character despite the external pressure and other influence. It is recognizing and affirming the nature of existence. It means one should become themselves, not as
one acts or as ones genes or any other essence requires. According to Kierkegaard, authenticity is an individual find authentic faith and become themselves.
2.3.1.3 Freedom
Freedom in existentialism defines as man has complete freedom to determining his own fate. However, freedom in here entails with responsibility. This
means that there is a limit in freedom. This means that freedom is binding of oneself to a law, but a law that is given by the self in recognition of its responsibilities.
