A novel usually revolves around characters in social situation. Novel is known for its emphasis on characters. It gives entertainment and better perception in
facing life’s problem. In modern life, novels are written in every subject and themes. Novel has several elements building it. The elements are plot, character, setting,
theme and language.
2.2.2 Concept of Existentialism
Existentialism comes from the word existence. According Jean Phillipe Deranty 2009 in his article, existence indicates
about human’s life in the world, which is different from other beings. Panza and Gale 2008, 28 state that
existentialism is a philosophy that makes a human life authentically possible to be meaningless absurd. A human is always free and will be using his freedom. The
conclusion, existentialism is an idea of philosophy which deals with individual existence, emotion, freedom, action responsibilities and thoughts.
Existentialism is a philosophical approach to understand human existence and experiences. It can be understood as using existentialism principle and ideological
discourse. An individual are free to choose but have responsibility on it. Therefore, people is not victim of circumstances because they pick the choice by themselves.
Existentialism is an ideology concerning about human life in existence, freedom and choice. The term applied in 19
th
and 20
th
. Cultural movement of
existentialism flourished Europe. Exitentialism was reaction against bad act of humanity using religion symbol. It was a revolt and resistance to church. In the rising
it is signifies a conjuncture between the region and unusual degree dominance of ideology. Historical events like devastation of World War I, economic collapse in
1920’s and 1930’s, and the horor of World War II gave disatissfaction and raised existentialism much further. This philosophy
finally reached it peak in the 1940’s. Existentialism does not have vivid philosophy standing and part of contrast
idea of concept. It come from scholars and writers like Jean Paul Sartre 1905- 1980, Friedrich Nietzsche 1884-1900, Albert Camus 1913- 1960, Martin Heidegeer
1889-1976 and Simone de Beauvoir 1908- 1986. Søren Kierkegaard 1813- 1855 is considered to be the first existentialist philosopher. Sartre and Camus contributed
in the literature through novelist and play. Both influenced literature with existentialism.
Existentialism is the opposite of Transcendentalism. It is a philosophical doctrine about freedom of human being based on choice. There is no absolute value
outside the man itself. Meanwhile, transcendentalism adopted a connection with spiritual doctrine. Trancendentalism believed that community corrupted an
individual. This philosophy believed an individual is at their best when they were independent and rely on themselves. While both pholosophy believe in one man
himself, it was based on different reason.
