Background of Study An Analysis Of Politeness Strategies In Her Movie
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some linguists that which are Robin Lakoff, Stephen C. Levinson and Penelope Brown, Geoffrey Leech, Yueguo Gu, Sachiko Ide, Shosana Blum-Kulka, Bruce
Fraser and William Nolen, Horst Arndt and Richard Janney, and finally Richard Watts.
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However, the writer chose the theory proposed by Brown and Levinson, although not the first, Brown Levinson‟s theory is certainly the most influential
– witness the innumerable reactions, applications, critiques, modifications and revisions their 1987 publication has triggered, and still does.
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In their book entitled Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage suggests that in
conversation, speaker and hearer both have positive and negative face
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, where the face should be kept. Brown and Levinson define face as the public self-image that
every member wants to claim for himself.
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This face has two aspects: positive and negative.
Negative face: the basic claim to territories, personal preserves, right to non-distraction
– i.e. to freedom of action and freedom from imposition
Positive face: the positive consistent self- image or ‘personality’
crucial including the desire that his self-image be appreciated and approved of claimed by interactants.
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In short, this theory focuses to analyzed the strategies as follows 1 bald on record, 2 Positive politeness, 3 Negative politeness, 4 Off Record, 5
Don‟t do FTA. Those strategies are applied in order to uncover the linguistics elements within the human and the computer device character‟s interaction.
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Ibid p. 3
7
Penelope Brown and Stephen C. Levinson, Politeness: Some Universals In Language Usage, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987, p. 59
8
Ibid. p. 61
9
Brown and Levinson. Op.cit. p. 61
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However, the writer limited this research by only analyzing the negative politeness strategy. According to Brown and Levinson, the negative politeness
itself is redressive action addressed to the adressee‟s negative face: his want to have his freedom of action unhindered and his attention unimpeded. In short, to
minimize the particular imposition that the FTA unavoidably effects to hearer.
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Furthermore, unconsciously we can learn linguistic deeper through the movie. We can find out when and what ones goals using politeness strategies
through the movies we watch from the characters who plays the movie through their utterances which relates to the context and situation in the scene of the
movie. This study aimed to find out when and what strategies should be used in any context of the conversation that if we can apply in our daily lives that will
ultimately have an impact on our relationships with others. In addition, this research also uses a supporting theory from Ronald
Wardaugh to attempt discovered the closeness relationship between the speaker and the hearer. His theory called solidarity and politeness. In short, the closer the
relationship between the speaker and the hearer the less politeness level and vice versa. This theory conveyed about how the relationship of a person to another
person influenced their utterance and in this case is politeness. Wardaugh also conveyed about address term that use in order to be polite and friendly.
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Those explanations above are the reasons of the writer to do this analysis with a movie entitled Her as the research by using the Brown and
Levinson as the main theory to analysis the language phenomenon. Also theory by
10
Ibid p.129
11
Ronald Wardaugh. An Introduction To Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 1986 p. 251
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Wardaugh is applied as the supporting theory to attempt the analysis more accurate.