Urine Blood Skin Breath
8.1 Urine
Urine can be tested for a wide variety of purposes: Cells exfoliate cytology - bladder cancer Level of toxin e.g. mercury Level of metabolite eg TCA tricarboxylic acid Protein especially kidney damage Bile jaundice Sugar diabetes - relevant to shift work, public service vehicle PSV driving.8.2 Blood
As with urine, blood can be analysed for a wide range of materials which indicate ill health or the level of a particular substancemetabolite. Full blood count and haemoglobin - lead, benzene, alcohol, work in the tropics Serum deep frozen - baseline antibody levels in pathogen exposure Liver function tests - alcohol, hepatotoxic chemicals Renal function tests - kidney toxins Toxin levels - e.g. lead Metabolite levels - e.g. ALA. 858.3 Skin
Appearance - together with knowledge of a substance and history of the individual, especially in the case of irritants. Prick testing - A standardised solution of a substance is introduced just under the surface of the skin on a needle tip. A positive result is an 1mm or larger wheal often with itch and flare within five minutes of the test. This is used to monitor immunological reactions to some respiratory allergens like the enzymes used in biological detergents, or animal dander for those working in animal testing laboratories. The tests are also used to diagnose contact urticaria. Prick testing can safely be used pre-employment when typically the standard series of grass pollen, fur, and house dust allergens are applied.8.4 Breath
For example, Dichloromethane and carbon monoxide exposure.8.5 Vision
Parts
» Basic Principles is Occupational Hygiene 2010
» History Basic Principles is Occupational Hygiene 2010
» The Importance of Occupational Hygiene
» Dermatitis Physical damage Skin
» Musculo Skeletal System Nervous System
» The circulatory system Endocrine system
» The Blood Respiratory system
» The Gastro Intestinal Tract The Liver
» Introduction Terms Basic Principles is Occupational Hygiene 2010
» Physical Form Dose Route of entry absorption
» Metabolism Excretion Response to toxins
» Crystalline silica Basic Principles is Occupational Hygiene 2010
» Machine made mineral fibre MMMF
» Welding Fume Isocyanates Basic Principles is Occupational Hygiene 2010
» Wood Dust Pharmaceuticals Basic Principles is Occupational Hygiene 2010
» Petroleum Products Basic Principles is Occupational Hygiene 2010
» Mining Metal use and refining
» Define the extent of the assessment Gather Information
» Introduction Hazard and Risk Expert Systems and Control Banding
» Sampling Techniques Types of Sampling
» Particle size Elements of a sampling system
» Sampling Equipment Sampling for gases and vapours
» Sampling Methods Fixed Position Sampling
» Sampling Equipment Sampling Records Introduction
» Setting of Hygiene Standards and Exposure Limits Biological Monitoring Guidance Values
» EliminationSubstitution Isolation Segregation Engineering Controls - Ventilation
» Administrative Controls Types of Control Measures
» Information, Instruction and Training Personal Protective Equipment PPE
» Vision X-rays Neurological tests Audiometry Types of Control
» General Considerations InletsHoods General Features of an LEV System
» Ductwork Air Cleaners General Features of an LEV System
» Legal requirements Regular Maintenance Thorough Examination and Testing
» Properties of Asbestos Uses of Asbestos Airborne Asbestos Fibres
» Health Hazards of Asbestos Asbestos Register .1 Function of the Asbestos Register
» Introduction to Biological Hazards
» Hepatitis B Blood Borne Diseases
» Anthrax ACDP Group 3 Leptospirosis Hazard group 2
» Moulds Pandemics Basic Principles is Occupational Hygiene 2010
» Genetic modification Background Basic Principles is Occupational Hygiene 2010
» Health Effects of Excessive Noise
» Addition of Sound Levels Frequency Analysis Decibel Weightings
» Assessment of Workplace Noise
» Control of Workplace Noise Protection of Personnel at Risk
» Exposure to Vibration Health Effects of Vibration
» Measurement of Vibration Heat Transfer from the Body
» Duration of Exposure Dry Bulb Temperature Mean Radiant Temperature Air Velocity
» Heat Stress Indices Thermal Comfort Cold Stress Introduction
» Infrared IR Radiation Laser Radiation Microwave Radiation
» Evaluation of Illumination Glare Good Illumination
» Evaluation of Non-Ionising Radiation Nature
» External and Internal Radiation Levels of Radiation Biological Effects of Ionising Radiation
» Uses of Radiation Industrial Measurement of Radiation Radiological Protection
» Health Surveillance Introduction Basic Principles is Occupational Hygiene 2010
» Making a Manual Handling Assessment Methods of Reducing Risk
» Workplace Risk Assessment Repetitive Tasks
» Possible Effects from Using DSE Postural Problems Upper limb pains and discomfort
» Making an Assessment Identification of DSE Users Minimum Requirements for Workstations
» Motivation and Behaviour Modification
» Symptoms of stress Assessment of Stress
» Management of Stress Basic Principles is Occupational Hygiene 2010
» In-house services Occupational Hygiene Practice
» Consultancy Occupational Hygiene Practice
» State agencies Research and Teaching
» Service Provision Staffing Facilities Quality assurance
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